Holy Bible commentary for books by José Carlos Ribeiro Comment in the letters of Philemon, and Hebrews Background:
Holy Bible commentary for books
by José Carlos Ribeiro
Comment in the letters of
Philemon, and Hebrews Background:
This
letter is the personal appeal of Paul to Philemon, a rich and Christian slave
owner. It seems that Philemon had converted under the ministry of Paul (v.10),
who lived in Colossae, and that the Colossian church met in his house (v.2).
Onesimus, one of his slaves had fled to Rome, apparently after damage or steal
the master's property (vs. 11,18). In Rome, Onesimus came in contact with the
prisoner Paul, who led him to Christ (10).
Paul
wrote to the church at Colosse and evidently included this letter on behalf of
Onesimus. Tychicus and Onesimus apparently handed the two letters (Col. 4.7-9;
Filem 1.2.). The close relationship of Paul and Philemon is evidenced through
their mutual prayer (vs 4:22) and a hospitality "open door" (v.22).
Love, trust and respect characterized their friendship (vs. 1, 14.21) Slavery
was an economic and social reality accepted in the Roman world. A slave was the
property of his master, and had no rights. According to Roman law, the runaway
slaves could be severely punished and even sentenced to death. The revolts of
the slaves in the century. I resulted in fearful and suspicious owners. Even the
early church has not directly attacked the institution of slavery, she
reorganized the relationship between the master and the slave. Both were equal
before God (Gal. 3:28), and both were responsible for their behavior (Eph.
6.5-9).
Paul
wrote this letter during his Roman imprisonment around 61 AD. He wanted a true
Christian reconciliation between the slave owner injured and the forgiven
slave. Paul gently but urgently interceded for Onesimus and expressed full
confidence that the faith and love of Philemon
result
in the restoration (vs 5.21) Even being the shortest of Paul's epistle to
Philemon is a profound revelation of Christ working in Paul's life and those
around you. The tone is warm and personal friendship rather than apostolic
authority. She reveals how Paul addressed with education, but firmly the
central issue of the Christian life: that is, the love through forgiveness, in
a very sensitive situation. Displays the persuasion of Paul in action.
Content:
The letter is an authentic expression of true Christian relationships. After
personally thank Philemon and his fellow believers, Paul expresses thanksgiving
for their love and faith to Christ and to his fellow believers. Brotherly love
usually requires grace and mercy practices, and Paul soon comes to this topic.
He explains the conversion of Onesimus and the new value of the slave in the
ministry and family of Jesus Christ (12-16). This transformation, along with
the deep Paul's friendship with the two men, is based on a new beginning. This
is not a superficial appeal of Paul, because it fills a "blank check"
on behalf of Onesimus for any payables (vs.
17-19).
It makes the petition already knowing that love and character of Philemon
prevail. As he concludes, the
people
can see the unity of the Spirit among all the saints involved.
Christ
Revealed: This epistle powerfully applies the gospel message. Before an
alienated slave, Onesimus is now also a "dear brother" in Christ
(v.16). Philemon is challenged to show the same unconditional pardon he received
through the grace and love of Jesus. The offer of Paul to pay a doubt that it
was not her in the name of a slave sorry is a clear picture of the work of
Calvary. Paul's intercession is also analogous to the continual intercession of
Christ with the Father on our behalf.
The
Holy Spirit in Action: While not specifically mentioning the ES, has been
active in Paul's ministry and life of the church. It is the E. Santo who
baptizes all believers is slave or free, in the body of Christ (1Cor.12.13);
and Paul applies this truth to life of Philemon and Onesimus. Love, fruit of
the Spirit is evident throughout the letter.
Sketch
of Philemon: I. Salutation 1-3 II. Thanksgiving in relation to Philemon 4-7
personal Louvor 4 praiseworthy Características 5-7 III. Paul's petition for
Onesimus 8-21 Um for acceptance 8-16 Um refund guarantee 17:19 Uma
confidence in obedience 20-21 IV. Personal concerns 22-25 Hope release 22
Saudações 23-24 Bênção 25
HEBREW
BOOK: Christ, the radiance of God's glory CAP 1
The
Epistle to the Hebrews compares Jesus Christ with the Old Covenant, and
presents it as the fulfillment of all the messianic promises. This comparison
aims to demonstrate the superiority of Christ to all that the Old Testament has
to offer. The theme running through the letter from beginning to end is:
"Jesus Christ is over ...". He is superior to angels, the prophets,
the Levitical priesthood and etc. It is described as the Creator of all things,
the glory and brightness image of God; one who sustains all with his power,
that cleansed us from all sin and is seated at the right hand of God.
The
Epistle to the Hebrews contains some puzzles. Does not clarify who was its
author; who was really intended, or the date it was written. In the first
century, the so-called church fathers did not clarify such details. Clement of
Alexandria and Origen understood that Paul wrote Hebrews. In the second
century, Tertullian disagreed with the Pauline authorship, and believed that
Barnabas was the author of the epistle. Augustine at first thought it was Paul,
but then said that she was anonymous. Martin Luther suggested that the letter
could have been written by Apollo (Acts 18:24). As for the date, scholars
situated in between 68-70 AD Regarding the letter recipients, Hebrews must have
been initially directed to Hellenistic Jews converted to Christianity. The
purpose of this review is not to discuss such details because the answer will
only have in heaven, when we meet with the writer. It is essential that these
lessons on the Epistle to the Hebrews, we see the person of Jesus Christ as the
brightness of the glory of God, the perfect Savior. The old revelation. In
verse first, the writer asserts that "old" God spoke "often and
in many ways the fathers by the prophets." Moses was a special prophet. In
Psalm 103.7, we read: "He made known his ways to Moses, his acts unto the
children of Israel." In the gallery of the prophets stand out Isaiah, who
received the revelation of the birth, life, ministry, death and resurrection of
the Messiah; Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, Joel, Malachi, and others, were
instruments of revelation, not only for Israel but for the Church and for the
world. (See 1 Peter 1:12.) God spoke in many ways (v.1b). In the pages of the
Old Testament, we see that God did not speak in a uniform manner by the
prophets. A few, like Moses, He spoke direct, "face to face"; others,
like Daniel, spoke by dreams; Jonah, audibly, and by the wind, the sea and the
fish. By these means, God revealed himself progressively, in the various
dispensations, until it was "... posterity, to whom the promise was
made" (Gal 3:19), and posterity was Christ.
The
last and final revelation. God, "we spoke to us in these last days by the
Son" (v.1b).
This
statement is fundamental to the Christian faith. First, because God spoke.
Second, told us "the Son". The revelation by the prophets was divine
and progressive. They, with conviction, said: "Thus saith the Lord"
(Ex 5.1; Is 7.7; 2.5 Jr; Ez 3.11). The revelation by His Son, Jesus is divine
and superior, as it is conclusive and final. In Hebrews, we see the best and
most perfect communication of the Most High. He, in these "last
days," he said at his own Son in completion, direct and definitive (cf. Lk
21:33; Mk 13:31). The wicked do not understand this revelation: Spiritualists
say that spiritualism is the "third revelation" after Moses and
Christ. The supporters of "New Age" will say the "Aquarium
was" to replace Christianity. With this con, the devil deceives the unbelievers,
to be cast into hell (Ps 9:17). Jesus is the last and final revelation of God
to men. He spoke and is spoken! "Shut up before him, all the earth"
(Hab 2:20). We Christians need to be safe, grounded in the Word of God, to
refute any false doctrine, to submit any divine revelation. PROFILE OF CHRIST
MAJESTIC: Heir to everything and creator of the world. In v.2, we read that God
has made Jesus as "heir of all things and creator of the world."
a)
All things were made by Jesus. In the Gospel of John (1.1), we have a profound
statement of the divinity of Christ, when we read: "All things were made
by him, and nothing was made without him was made." He was the agent of
God in Creation, making things come to light created by the Holy Spirit.
b)
All things were made for Him. Jesus was the Father the grant to create all
things, and also to be the heir of all things created. Paul, writing to the
Colossians says, "All things were created by him and for him" (Col
1:16). The Devil usurped part of creation, but, at his coming, Jesus will take possession
of all that belongs to it by right of creation, authoring and by right of
inheritance. Christ, the radiance of the glory of God (v.3). This is a
revelation of greater transcendence. In the Old Testament, God revealed his
glory, at times terrible and terrifying way. At times, the glory of God has
appeared on the people of Israel, leaving him stunned. Ezekiel saw the glory of
God by the river Chebar strange and terrible way. He concluded by saying,
"This was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of Jehovah; and saw
it, I fell on my face and I heard the voice of one that spake "(Ezekiel
1.1-28).
All
that the prophet saw was only the "likeness of the Lord's glory." But
in Christ, God has revealed "the brightness of his glory." Christ,
"the express image" of God (v.3). This revelation in the text extends
the vision of Christ, given to the writer. Shows that He is not only the
brightness of the glory of God, but of the same nature, the same character. The
term in Greek for "express image" or "the express image of his
being" is charakter, which gives idea of a stamp, a recording in
indelible print. Being the Son of man as to his human condition, Christ was
presented at the same time with the nature of the Father, God. He said: "I
and the Father are one" (John 10:30). Christ upholds all things by the
word of His power (v.3). Jesus is the agent of God's creation. His creative
word had an effect not only immediately, but turned into law, carried out at
the time, as God, He said, "Let there be light"; "There is an
expansion ..."; "Let us make man ..." (Genesis 1.1-26). The
power of the word of God was so great that its effectiveness continues for
ever. The psalmist says: "You crown the year of your goodness, and your
fat drip paths" (Ps 65.11). In Genesis, we read: "While the earth
remains, seedtime and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter, and
day and night shall not cease" (Genesis 8:22). We must thank God for every
day we wake up, because, seeing the sunshine, feeling the air we breathe,
watching the people around us, each animal is born, and every human being that
comes to light, we see that this is work of God's creation and our Lord Jesus
Christ. Christ the Savior, did purged our sins (v.3).
The
writer to the Hebrews received the revelation of the redemptive work of Christ
as the one who through His blood cleanses us from all sin (1 Jn 1.7). Man-made
religions and their leaders do not have that power. On the contrary, Eastern
religions, such as Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam, preach a salvation that you
want to purge the sins through reincarnations, with a karma, or work, leading
the man to believe in the lie of salvation made by man . With Christ is
different. He is the effective agent of salvation, redeeming the man who accept
him as Savior.
Seated
at the right hand of God (v.3). In ancient empires and kingdoms, pride of place
was next to the king, or emperor. The communication on the position of Christ,
when raised to heaven, evokes this metaphor. After his ascension, Jesus was
received at the right hand of God (Mark 16:19); Stephen saw Jesus at the right
hand of God at the time of his martyrdom (Acts 7:55); (See also Romans 8:34)
Rejoice not serve just any god, the mind of man, or the immanent need to
believe in something or someone greater, such as indigenous and other peoples
taken as primitive. Our God is the exalted Creator.
Our
Christ is the Divine Word, the Savior, who fulfilled his mission, sat down on
"the right of the Majesty on high." "'He spoke to us by his Son
..." (Heb 1.1,2). These first two verses establish the main theme of this
book. In the past, the main instrument of God for his development were the
prophets, but now He has spoken, or revealed by his Son Jesus Christ, who is
supreme over all things.
The
spoken Word of God through his Son is final: it fulfills and transcends all
that was previously spoken from God. Absolutely nothing, not the prophets (v.1)
nor angels (v.4) have greater authority than Christ. It is the only way to
eternal salvation and the only mediator between God and man.
The
writer of Hebrews confirms the supremacy of Christ to enumerate His seven major
revelations (vv.2,3). 'Seated at the right hand' (1.3). After Christ made the
forgiveness of our sins through His death on the cross, took his place of
authority at the right hand of God. The redemptive activity of Christ in heaven
involves his divine mediator ministry (8.6; 13:15; 1 John 2.1,2), the high
priest (2.17,18; 4.14-16; 8.1-3) of intercessor (7:25) and the landmark in Spirit
(Acts 2:33) "(Pentecostal Bible Study, CPAD, pág.1899). "By divine
appointment, the heir of all things (1.1,2). God from eternity, predestined His
Son to be Possessor and Ruler of all things. But it was the incarnation that
Christ reached the messianic landlord. As a result of the Incarnation, he came
to take possession of something previously not necessarily available in your
Son condition. It was his birthright, but was his humanity, death and
resurrection that came the kind of sovereignty that has become their only
because of his triumph over sin in the flesh (v.3), and as a result of their
identification with men in a brotherhood condition. The Messianic landlord
could not belong to him while he was in his pre-incarnate state, as it is a
question of function and not the inherent power and majesty. In essence, has
always been the 'Son of God', but this did not make him Messiah; it was
necessary to become the 'Son of Man' "(Bible Commentary Hebrews, CPAD,
págs.116,117).
Christ,
higher than the CAP 2 Angels: Angels had important moments in the history of
the Jews, both nationally and in the lives of individuals. In nature, even
acting on behalf of those who will inherit eternal life, are creatures with
limitations compared to the Lord Jesus Christ. He is declared as Son by God
himself, is the Messiah. Creator and is the right of the Father. The writer
also demonstrating the superiority of Jesus over the angels, reminds readers
that if what was said by angels was valid the whole point of disobedience to
the angelic words receive punishment, greater punishment receive those despise
that, in Jesus, "so great salvation." He just as true High Priest,
can sympathize the tempted and save them.
In
the Old Testament angels were highly regarded. In the Epistle to the Hebrews,
the writer points out, emphatically, the superiority of Christ in relation to
angelic beings and at the same time, says He, becoming incarnate, was made
"a little lower than the angels" (Heb 2.9 ). This lesson discusses
some important aspects of this superiority, understanding this paradox in a
simple exegetical analysis. Angels in the Bible. Angels had very important role
among the people of God in the Old Testament. See Gen. 19.1,15; 28.12; Ex 3.2;
23:20; Ps 103.20. In the New, was no different. An angel appeared to Joseph,
revealing the supernatural birth of Jesus (Matthew 1:20); an angel rolled away
the stone from the tomb of Jesus,
after
his resurrection (Matthew 28.2). Today, there is a real idolatry around these
celestial beings.
The
Bible after his resurrection (Matthew 28.2). Today, there is a real idolatry
around these celestial beings. The Bible warns: "No one cheat you your
heart's content, with pretense of humility and worshiping of angels"
(Colossians 2:18). Other references clearly demonstrate the action of the
angels, not only for Israel, but of all the servants of God in the world (Ps
34.7). The nature of angels (vv.7,14). The biblical text reveals some aspects
of the nature of angels. In verse 7, we read that God "maketh his angels
winds, and his ministers a flame of fire." It is a quote from Psalm 104.4.
They are ministers used by God according to his will, submissive to each call
your therefore fall far short of the nature and functions of the Son of God. As
impressive as the angels, compared with Christ are just bafos winds and sparks
of fire. They are creatures. Jesus is Creator, including the angels (see Jn
1.3). In v.14, angels are called "ministering spirits, sent forth to
minister for them who shall be heirs of salvation."
JESUS
'SUPERIORITY IN RELATION TO THE ANGELS
.
Declared the Son of God, begotten of the Father In v.5, the writer asks,
"to which of the angels said he, Thou art my Son, this day have I begotten
thee? And again, I will be his Father, and he shall be my son? ". These
questions bring the claim that Christ is superior to angels, having been
begotten of the Father. See also Rom 1.4. The sacred writer refers to Psalm
7.2, which says, "declare the decree: The Lord said unto me, Thou art my
Son; today I have begotten you. " This question is really difficult to
understand. As God, in what sense Jesus could be generated? The answer lies in
the great miracle and mystery of his incarnation, incomprehensible to the human
mind, which only understands a little of earthly things. The Son by the
resurrection. Luke writer in the Book of Acts, states: "And we declare to
you that the promise which was made unto the fathers, God has fulfilled to us
their children by raising Jesus, as it is also written in the second psalm, You
are my Son ; today I have begotten you "(Acts 13.32,33). Without leaving
never to be God, Jesus was presented to the world public, as Son of God in the
resurrection. See what Paul says, "declared Son of God in power according
to the Spirit of holiness, by the resurrection of the dead - Jesus Christ our
Lord" (Rom 1.4). In fact, if Jesus had done miracles, but had not risen,
no one could believe it was the divine Son of God (see Matthew 3:17; 17.5; Rom
1.4). It would be like Buddha, Mohammed, Chrisna, etc.
The
Son is to be worshiped by angels (v.6). "And when again introduces the
world's firstborn, says, And let all the angels of God worship him";
"... So I'll give him the place of firstborn; do so will higher than the
kings of the earth "(Ps 89.26,27). Jesus is at the right hand of God
(v.13). This is the position of honor, given only to Christ, and to no one
else, "And which of the angels said he at any time, Sit on my right hand
until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet?". Stephen, as he was
being martyred, Jesus looked to the right of God (see Acts 7:55). Jesus is
King, Messiah and Creator. In verse 8 we read, "But the Son he saith, God,
your throne forever and ever, equity scepter is the scepter of thy
kingdom."
Here
the Son is called God, as indeed He is, besides being King, whose scepter
(symbol of royal authority) is of righteousness. The angels have no power to
reign or sovereignty. In vv.9-12, we see that Jesus is presented as the
Anointed One, the Messiah, and at the same time as the One to whom the land and
"the heavens are the work" of his hands. The v.13 continues extolling
the superiority of Christ as the winner, putting his enemies under his feet.
THE
GREAT SALVATION IN JESUS: Warning against diversion (vv.1-3). After presenting
the framework of the superiority of Christ with the angels, the writer to the
Hebrews is taken to warn recipients of the letter (and us, too), and "the
things which we have heard, lest at any time we drift away them "(v.1). He
explains that if "the word spoken by angels was steadfast, and every
transgression and disobedience received a just retribution" asks solemnly:
"How shall we escape, if we neglect so great salvation ..." (v. 3).
This salvation brought by Jesus Christ, was not honored by mere words, but
authenticated by God through "signs and wonders, and many wonders and
gifts of the Holy Spirit ..." (v.4). Who have strayed from their faith in
Christ, is likely to be lost forever (v.3). Jesus, man, a little lower than the
angels (2.7-9). This is an apparent paradox found in the letter to the Hebrews,
related to the incarnation of Christ. "But we see crowned with glory and
honor Jesus who was made a little lower than the angels for the suffering of
death, so that by the grace of God should taste death for every man." The
deduction is simple: Jesus, made man, stripped voluntarily part of its
attributes, and subjected to die on the cross to "taste death for
everyone." As such, in his human nature, became "a little lower than
the angels." If it were not so, its divine nature would not allow it to
die, for God does not die.
JESUS
THE FAITHFUL HIGH PRIEST (2.9-18) Everything exists because of Him (v.10a).
To Jesus are all things, as they are by Him and for Him (Colossians 1:16). And
so it is, that He bring "the sons to glory", and, through suffering,
to become "the captain of their salvation" (v.10b). The children, ie
those who received him, to them gave He power (the right) to become
"children of God" (John 1:12), and are called by Christ's
"brothers" (v.11). . It is sublime statement of Christ, than those
who are saved by Him In v.13, He says, "Here I am me, and the children God
has given me." These are free of the "power of death, that is, the
devil" (v.14), and servitude (v.15). In all, it was like his brothers
(v.17). To fulfill its mission of salvation, Jesus, "in the form of God,
thought it not robbery to be equal with God, but emptied himself, taking the
form of a servant, being made in human likeness and being found in fashion man,
humbled himself to death, and death on the cross "(Philippians 2.6-8).
Thus, "made a little lower than the angels", gave himself to God, as
"faithful high priest" atone for the sins of the people (v.17)
Was
tempted in all (v.18). In his human condition, Jesus, the Son of Man, endured
temptation, "to succor them that are tempted." This is a comforting
statement for us, believers, that while walking the earth, are harassed and
threatened by various temptations. Our God, Jesus, was not in his mission
alienated god of his worshipers and faithful as preaches deism. Instead, he
took
among
sinners and, like them, was trying to cross to give them victory over
temptation. In
Indeed,
he, "like us, was tempted in all, yet without sin" (Hebrews 4:15).
Praise God for that!
The
superiority of Christ with the angels far exceeds the distorted idea, and widespread
among the unbelievers, that the angelic beings have mystical role, as to be
revered or worshiped by followers of false doctrines. The author of Hebrews,
starting his writing, talks about three types of messengers that God sent into
the world to transmit its revelation: the prophets, angels and the Son.
Comparing the prophets and angels, of course should be allowed to the first
were very used by God, speaking with authority and conviction. However, their
oracles, even being from God, were not always well received. The rebellion of
listeners made many prophets were killed, despised and go through adversity. In
the case of angels, no reports have been discarded or stoned, they were taken
in great fear for being supernatural figures. (Note that the various
appearances of the heavenly beings caused much fear, this reason that led the
Angels to begin its dialogues with the words "Be not afraid").
Communications that required a person's decision was transmitted by angels (see
the examples of Abraham, Gideon and Lot). If the people heard the angels with
some degree of fear, more fear should have before the Son of God, because this
is greater than the angels. He created all things, including the angels. If the
people worshiped the heavenly messengers, they, in turn, revered the Son. The
next world was not left in the care of angels, but of Jesus.
They
are "ministering spirits" who work on behalf of those who "shall
be heirs of salvation," as the Son is the very executor of salvation. Even
in the form of treatment, the term "angels" is less than the
"Son" because they are servants, creatures, and Jesus is Lord and
Creator. Based on these arguments, the writer announces the superiority of
Jesus so much about the prophets as about angels. The author concludes that if the
words spoken by angels was steadfast and, if violated, received punishment,
greater responsibility will be for those who reject the words of the Son of
God, without which there is no salvation.
Christ,
greater than Moses CAP 3
You
have resisted the voice of the Holy Spirit ever on in your life? Resist the
voice of God has been the practice of many in our country, which similarly to
the Hebrews in the desert, have become insensitive and disobedient to the
precepts of the Almighty: accustomed to the blessings, without, however, honor,
obey and serve Donor and all the benefits provider. Listen to the voice of God
and refrain from evil procedures are a good and faithful heart. The Lord is
always ready to grace his people with enough "daily manna", ensuring
survival and spiritual growth. The recipients of the epistle believers are
called "saints", and should, be participants in the "high
calling" to see Jesus not only as an apostle (one sent from God), but also
High Priest, to which they confess their difficulties. If Moses was faithful in
his ministry, Jesus more because it was the author, not only the ministry but
also of Moses' family. The Great Liberator of the Hebrews, being a man, could
not be perfect. However, Jesus gave us the example of irrefutable perfection.
The
sacred writer reminds his readers that the people of Israel dwell in the
wilderness for many years, have not heard the voice of God through Moses, and
pray them who do not act the same way, hardening their hearts to the divine commands.
CALL
TO WORSHIP OF HOLY CHRIST (v.1)
"Holy
brothers". The holy word comes from the Latin, Sanctu, which originally
means one or that it was "established by law", then moving to mean
that or that "made sacred". In the Old Testament, the Hebrew word for
holy is Qodesh and its derivatives, which means holy, holy, holy, separate, set
apart. In the New Testament, the word "holy" in Greek hagios, makes
sense similar to the Hebrew language; saints, according to the biblical teaching,
are only those who have communion with God and with his Son, Jesus. These are
called to worship Christ, separate from the world. "Participants of the
high calling." The Saints who live on earth are not only the martyrs, or
those who have done some miracle, as in Catholicism. The saints are people of
flesh and blood, "partakers of the heavenly calling," by accepting
Christ as their Savior to hear your call through the gospel. Christ, Apostle
and High Priest. The Saints are called to consider "Jesus, the Apostle and
High Priest of our profession." He was, in fact, the Apostle par
excellence. Jesus was sent by God to the world, "not to condemn the world;
but that the world might be saved through him" (Jn 3:17). In the Old
Testament, the priests interceded for the people, and to offer, by all
pecantes, sacrifices with animals, which only covered the sin. In the New
Covenant, Jesus is the perfect High Priest, as he offered his own blood to save
and introduce ourselves to God with our profession.
GREATER
GLORY OF THAT MOSES: Moses, faithful as a servant (v.5). Moses was faithful in
his house, as the writer stresses in the form of a servant, being the messenger
who witnessed the "things that had to come." He was the spokesman of
God to receive the tablets of the Law at Sinai, transmitting, with fidelity,
the word of God heard on the hill. It changed nothing than from the Lord. Was a
servant in his house, under the entrusted to him, and acquitted themselves very
well to his task in the "house" of God. So it was considered a model
among men (cf. Jer 15.1). Jesus, faithful to his own house (v.6). Jesus was
superior to Moses. This was servant. He is the Son, the High Priest ordained by
God, a position that was not assigned to anyone else. Moses, even being true as
a man, was not perfect. Failed at some point. In the episode in which God told
him to speak to the rock the second time, lost control and emotionally hurt
her, instead of talking (Num 20:11). Jesus, however, never failed. "In
everything was tempted, yet without sin" (Heb 4:15). The house we are
(v.6).
The
house we are (v.6). In our imperfection, how could we be called
"home" of Christ that He, in this "house" was high priest?
Only the grace of God can explain. The condition for us to be "home" of
the Lord, is that merely "hold fast the confidence and the rejoicing of
the hope until the end." The apostle Paul had to God like revelation. In
the first Epistle to the Corinthians 6.19,20 we read, "Know ye not that
your body is the temple of the Holy Ghost which is in you, from God, and ye are
not of yourselves?".
Therefore,
it is a great responsibility towards this "house" in which, while
living Christ, our High Priest, and the Holy Spirit, our intercessor, which has
us as your temple.
WARNING
ON THE CAKE AGAINST GOD
Hearing
the voice of the Spirit. The warning is serious and solemn: "So if today
you hear his voice, harden not your hearts, as in the provocation, in the day
of temptation in the wilderness ..." (vv.7,8). Quoting Psalm 95.8-11
writer admonishes the addressees of the letter taking advantage of embarrassing
facts relating to Israel. In the warning, the Holy Spirit reminds them not to
do like their parents, which provoked God in the desert with serious attitudes:
1) tried to God; 2) They proved to God, even having seen his works for 40 years
(verse 9; Ex 15.22-25; 17.1-7). This warning about hearing the Holy Spirit is
significant and timely for us in our time as there are believers as
insensitive, in every way, that their consciences are already hopelessly seared
(1 Tim 4.2). Not harden his heart (v.8). The Israeli people, despite witness
the miraculous power of the wonders of God in the desert, starting with the
crossing of the Red Sea, rebelled against the Lord. Consequently, God was
angry. He expressed his anger and ordered his judgment: "They shall not
enter into God's rest." That rebellious generation, those who had more
than 20 years did not enter the Promised Land. The hardening of the heart is an
obstacle to receiving the blessing of God. An evil heart of unbelief (v.12).
Another warning is given by the Holy Spirit through the Epistle to the Hebrews
writer, for them there was an "evil heart of unbelief," which would
drive them "the living God". The verb away, in the text, is apostenai
(gr.), A word that gives rise to the term apostasy. The next verse is a divine
advice: "But exhort one another daily, while it is called Today, so that
none of you be hardened through the deceitfulness of sin" (v.13). Many,
for lack of guidance and warning (exhortation), harden their hearts to God,
deviate and to deny the faith, accepting false doctrines and engaging in
extra-biblical practices similar to those of spiritualism, including
"spiritual decline" and other inventions. How do we become partakers
of Christ (v.14). The writer shows us how we are made partakers of Christ:
"If we hold the beginning of our confidence to the end." This is
borne out by Jesus asserted: "... but he that endureth to the end shall be
saved" (Matthew 10:22). "Until the end ...". The man only
reaches full salvation when he accepted Christ as Saviour and remains in
holiness, to the "redemption of our body" (Rom 8.23b). On the one
hand it is difficult to start the Christian race, even harder to continue and
finish it. However, all future promises of eternity are reserved for the
winners, those who complete the race, as the apostle Paul (2 Tim 4.7) .The
superiority of Christ over Moses is indisputable. Moses was imperfect and
flawed man, even though God's such a great mission. Jesus, our Savior, even in
the human condition in the face of his saving mission, "was in all points
tempted, yet without sin." We Christians need to honor Jesus Christ, the
High Priest of our profession. "Having declared the central thought of the
priesthood of Christ, and before developing it in chapters 5-7, the author
interrupts the matter in order to establish, from another point of view, the
superiority of the New Covenant over the Old." He has shown that Christ is
superior to angels, spiritual mediators of Law; now shows that it is also
superior to Moses, the man who promulgated the Law.
The
author, in addressing the subject, uses the expression 'the future world', or
'the century to come' (2.5; 6.5) - which in Greek écukoumenen (literally 'the
inhabited world to come'). He refers to the kingdom of God to be established
between the inhabitants of the earth. This leads naturally to the comparison of
the founders of the old Jewish theocracy, under Moses and Joshua, and Jesus,
the new kingdom. The position of Moses towards the Jewish system is needed the
argument, because the Hebrew Christians were confused on this point. The point
of comparison, in verse 2, relates to the fact that so many Moses and Christ
took care of the divine economy of administration that, under the old order of
Law; this, under the new order of God's grace, both having faithfully fulfilled
their responsibilities. "But then the author presents a series of
contrasts that demonstrate the far superior glory of Jesus." (Bible
Commentary Hebrews, CPAD, pp. 129-131).
Rest
for the people of God CAP 4
The
fate of those who were rescued from Egypt had extensive and direct sense to the
recipients of the letter under study. They were released, but did not enter the
"rest of God", and perished in the wilderness. Even the second
generation, who managed to enter Canaan, did not reach the fullness of the
divine promise. Only the coming of the Messiah would be achieved; and this for
appropriation through faith. Both Israel and these early Christians held a
similar position having received the gospel and have the opportunity to take
ownership of it. Israel failed. Now, the danger to these early Jewish
Christians was that, because of unbelief and lack of firmness, leave to enter
the spiritual rest of God, which was not met by Joshua, but was now available
to all in Christ. As a result the people of Israel's disobedience during his
pilgrimage, those who sinned, rebelling against the Almighty, died, and their
bodies fell in the wilderness. According to the oath of God, disobedient did
not enter into his rest. This will ever happen to us! In this lesson, we will
see that is the spiritual home reserved for the faithful believers.
THE
GOOD NEWS were nailed
Heard
but not heard. On reasonable calculations, the Israelites brought out of Egypt
by the mighty hand of God were about three million people. Only the men of war
amounted to 600,000 (Ex 12:37). Of these, only entered Canaan, two, Joshua and
Caleb (Dt 1.36,37). Because of disobedience and unbelief, God's judgment fell
in the wilderness, preventing them from reaching the Promised Land. This shows
that God values the quality rather than quantity. At the Flood, only eight
escaped. The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, only three were alive.
Preaching to no avail (v.2).
The
Israelites heard the "good news". The reason why many have not
entered the "rest", ie, in Canaan, is that "the word preached
did not profit them, not being mixed with faith in them that heard" (v.2).
Here, we see the importance of faith for salvation. The Bible asserts that
without faith it is impossible to please God (Hebrews 11.6). Today, worldwide,
there is a great challenge to the Lord. The wicked are in open rebellion
against God and declared. Unfortunately, there are believers who hear the Word
in the churches, but prefer to continue disobeying the precepts of the Lord.
THE
REST FOR THE PEOPLE OF GOD
The
illustration of God's rest. The writer, in v.10, recalls what is written in
Genesis 2.2, when God on the seventh day he rested from his works: "For he
that is entered into his rest, he himself rested from his works as God did from
his" . Obviously, here it is not physical rest, because to be Spirit, God
does not suffer wear. The rest of the Israelites. The suffering of the
Israelites in Egypt after the death of Joseph was cruel. By the hand of Moses
and the power of God, the people were miraculously released.
However,
because of unbelief and rebellion, most of them could not enter the Promised
Land. They were forced to spend 40 years walking in the wilderness (Heb 3:19;
4.6,11; 1 Cor 10.1-11). Only for mercy, God has destined them the land of
Canaan, where finally found the rest of his sufferings. The rest (rest) of the
people of God (verse 9). Here the promised rest is not physical but spiritual,
heavenly, mirific, unspeakable and full to the saved: "There remains a
rest for the people of God." This is the blessed state of soul and spirit,
where believers, obedient and holy, who hear the Word and to obey, shall be
entitled to peace and the perennial tranquility in communion with the Lord. Let
us remember that spiritual rest can only be obtained through the new life in
Christ (see Matthew 11.28,29). You need to hear and obey the Word of God.
"Let us labor therefore to enter into that rest, lest any man fall after
the same example of unbelief" (v.11). "Hebreus- Corintios- Êxodo-
Genesis - John)
The
PENETRATING POWER OF GOD'S WORD: It is alive. The Word of God shows who will
enter the eternal rest. It does not constitute a mere human or philosophical
arguments, which reach the intellect, but do not penetrate the heart, in the
depths of the human being. The Word of God is quick, powerful and life-giving.
Jesus said: "The words that I speak to you are spirit and life" (John
6:63). He alone has the words of eternal life (John 6.68). It is effective. The
word of God always effective: "For as the rain comes down and the snow
from heaven and do not return there but water the earth and make it bring forth
and bud, and give seed to the sower and bread to the eater so is the word that
goes out from my mouth; it shall not return unto me void; but it shall
accomplish what I please, and it shall prosper in the thing for which I sent it
"(Isaiah 55.11). No one hears the word of God without being reached by its
results. Who hears and believes "has eternal life" (John 5:24). Who
hears and does not believe "is condemned already" (John 3:18). She is
pervasive. It is compared to a sharp sword, that "piercing even to the
dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of joints and marrow." Being
"spirit and life," the word of God reaches sensory part of man. The
spirit, the soul and the body are achieved by the penetrating power of God's
word. Why? When a man hears the Word and believes, inside extraordinary changes
occur which also benefit the organic functioning of your body. It discerns
thoughts and intentions. Many philosophers, with its cold and rational
intellectualism, have confused the men away even more of his Creator. The
Bible, however, being the Word of God has transformed the lives of countless
people, bringing them to the saved condition and redeemed by the blood of
Jesus. In v.13 the writer warns that before the penetrating power of the word
of God, "there is no creature hidden from His sight," and all things
are "naked and open to his eyes," that is, there is nothing hidden
before the Almighty. (Isaiah - Romanos- Matthew - Pedro)
OUR
GREAT HIGH PRIEST (vs.14-16) "Jesus, Son of God." He is great, in the
absolute sense. The "high priests" of other religions never reached
the heavens. The high priests of the Old Testament were entering only once a
year, in the most holy place, which was manifested the glory of God. They could
not stay there. But Jesus, our High Priest par excellence, "passed into
the heavens," "is the right hand of God, who also maketh intercession
for us" (Rom 8.34b). Compassionate priest. In his earthly ministry, Jesus
was always concerned with the suffering multitudes (Mt 9:36; 14:14). In his
priestly mission, shows great compassion for us: being "slow to anger and
abounding in steadfast love" (Ps 103.8), It supports our weaknesses, not
willing that any should perish (2 Peter 3.9). Not perish solely on account of
his infinite mercy. Was tempted in all. Even with the divine nature, Jesus
"was tempted in all", says the Word of God. Only knows what
temptation who has had it. The temptations of Jesus did not travel to his
heart, as with the "natural man" (1 Cor 2:14). They were trials and
external provocations, coming from the tempting and their agents. In addition
to the temptations in the desert, the Master certainly experienced the
oppression of evil on other occasions. For us it is very significant that
Jesus, as a man, was tempted in all things, "yet without sin." The
Bible assures us: "who knew no sin became sin for us; so that in him we
might become the righteousness of God "(2 Cor. 5:21). Therefore, we
understand the great love of Jesus for us: He suffers with us, putting up with
us always. Acheguemo us to the throne of grace (v.16). Having Jesus as our High
Priest, by faith we can enter the throne of grace, to your holy presence at any
time and be "help in time." Glory to Him forever. Three of the great
messages of the study lesson are: a) God has prepared a true spiritual rest in
Christ for that He come; b) God has a promised place of heavenly rest to his
people, in his presence, in eternity. To get there, we need to be faithful,
obedient and holy c) Jesus is our perfect High Priest who, as a man,
"everything has been tried, but without sin." May the Lord help us to
serve him according to his will; and that we will never give rise to
disobedience. "'Seems that one of you is left behind' (4.1). Leave to
persevere in faith and obedience to Jesus results in help achieve the promised
eternal rest in heaven (cf. 11:16; 12.22-24). (1) The term 'look like any of
you' is spoken in the light of this terrible possibility and the judgment of
God. (2) perseverance in faith requires that we continue to approach God,
through Christ, with sincere resolution (v.16; 7:25). 'We entered the home'
(4.3). Only we, who have believed in the saving message of Christ, we enter the
spiritual home of God. That is, Christ bears our burdens and our sins and gives
us the 'home' of his forgiveness, salvation and the Holy Spirit (Matthew 11:28)
Even so, in this life, our home is only partial, because we are as pilgrims
walking with difficulty in painful road of this world. To die in the Lord, we
come to your perfect home in heaven. 'There remains ... a home' (4.9). The rest
promised by God is not only the land but also the heavenly (vv.7,8 cf. 13:14).
For believers, there is still the eternal rest in heaven (John 14.1-3; Heb
11.10,16). Join this final resting means cessation of labor, of suffering and
persecution, so common in our life on this earth (Rev 14:13); means
participating in God's own home and experience eternal joy. Delight, love and
communion with God and with the redeemed saints. It will be an endless rest (Rev
21,22). (Pentecostal Bible Study, CPAD, pp. 1902.1905) (Apocalypse)
Christ
the High Priest than Aaron CAP 5
By
not know Christ under the figure of the High Priest and not of Aaron's lineage
He, the Hebrew Christians did not understand the application of this title and
letter to his person and therefore had difficulty accepting it and honor it in
this function. Hence, the need of the writer briefly present the
characteristics and functions of the high priest, demonstrating that they are
perfectly satisfied in Christ. The text shows the superiority of Christ over
the other high priests, noting that he not only satisfied the demands of the
Levitical system to the priestly vocation, but distinguished by the fact that,
without sin, to give himself for our sins.
According
to the Levitical system, every high priest is chosen among men and ordained for
them. He brings to the altar without sacrifice blood and blood (v.1). It is
required of him that can "sympathize" or "to have
compassion" of the people, that is, in his judgment, should not be too
severe and not tolerant to the point of compromise with evil (vv.2,3). The high
priests of the Old Testament, although they are saints, were limited and
imperfect. Aaron, for example, even though greatly honored to be apart for the
office of high priest, committed a shameful failure: raised an idol in the form
of the golden calf and took the people to sin. But Christ, our High Priest is
superior to Aaron, not only for its infallibility and perfection, but because
fully complied with the divine plan of redemption of all mankind.
The
SUMO OLD TESTAMENT OF THE PRIEST Basic features (v.1).
a)
"Taken from among men." The high priest in the Old Covenant was an
ordinary person who, though separated by God to the priesthood took its virtues
and defects. He was not taken from angels or spirits, but "among
men." And this is a very important feature. b) "Composed in favor of
men." The high priest was not elected by his peers, or by the people in
general. Taking office was by direct appointment from God. Today, there are
several forms used in the selection and consecration of a pastor, but above all
it is essential that the pastor is ordained by God.
c)
"In things pertaining to God." The priest spoke and acted in the name
of God, so far as concerned to their expressed will. On the other hand, heard
the men and interceded for them before the Most High. In all, the priestly
mission was to take care of God's interests in relation to the people and the
people about God. It was a mediator, a representative of the Eternal.
Primary
functions. In general the main functions of the high priest were teaching the
law of God and intercede for the people.
a)
offer gifts and sacrifices for sins (v.1b). In the Old Covenant offerors could
not go directly to God. Brought their gifts and offerings and presented them to
the priest. According to scholars of the Old Testament, the gifts were grain
offerings and sacrifices were "blood offerings." In the New
Testament, Jesus, our High Priest as our salvation, it is both the offeror as
the very vicarious offer: "offered himself [for us] to God."
b)
"sympathize with the ignorant and tenderly wrong" (v.2). The high
priest should have sympathy, ie, ability to share the joys and sorrows of the
people who sought him and at the same time, have empathy, the ability to take
the situation of the other. Only those who have these qualities may indeed be
an intercessor. Similarly must carry the Lord's workers in dealing with the
erring through ignorance or weakness. Jesus, the perfect priest. The Act
provided for the possibility of error or sin by priests (v.3; Lv 4.3). Even the
high priest Aaron had the guidance of God to sacrifice not only by the people
(Lev 16.15ss.), But by itself (Leviticus 16.11-14). While the high priest of
the Old Testament was subject to sin, Jesus never sinned. He is perfect.
Satisfied all the conditions for the perfect priesthood. Was anointed as King,
as Son (Ps 2.6,7); and Eternal Priest (Ps 110.4); was sent by God (John 5:30);
came in the name of the Father (John 5:43). Jesus did not glorify himself to be
made high priest (v.6). Faced with all these qualifications, the Master never
offered sacrifices themselves. He gave himself for our sins (Gal 1.4). Eternal
Priest (v.6). The writer to the Hebrews refers to two biblical texts in the
book of Psalms to show the special character of the priesthood of Christ: a
priesthood that has no end: "You are my son; today I have begotten you
"(Ps 2.7); and "You are a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek"
(Ps 110.4). Levítico- Gálatas- Psalms)
JESUS
'MISSION EARTH "In the days of his flesh" (v.1). It is a direct
reference to human life of Jesus. The writer there had already marked this in
the cap. 2.14-17. Here, again, it shows that our High Priest, even coming from
a special lineage, incarnated himself, taking the form of man, as we see in the
Gospel of John (1:14): "And the Word became flesh .. . ". The Word
refers to Jesus Christ (Rev 19:13) But Jesus, the divine Word, proved
otherwise. He became flesh "and dwelt among us", becoming fully human,
full, perfect. And not only became flesh, but took the "form of a
servant" (Phil 2.7); in the likeness of "sinful flesh" (Rom
8.3), supported the "suffering of death" (Heb 2.9). (Philippians)
Cry,
tears, prayers and supplications (v.7). The Scripture says that Jesus cried out
to God, with "tears, prayers and supplications to that could save him from
death." In the Gospel according to John 11:35 it is written that Jesus
wept, but that was not the only time, as shown by the v.7. That is why Jesus
understands tears, and one day, as God shall wipe away all tears from the eyes
(Rev. 7:17; 21.4). Learned obedience (v.8). There will be more authentic proof
of Jesus' humanity? "Though he were a Son, yet learned he obedience by the
things which he suffered" (Heb 5.8). He, being God, obeyed God. The human
mind is sometimes taken to ask, "After all, if He was God, why should
obedience to someone?". This is a mystery that only faith can accept.
Jesus as a human being had a normal human development: "And Jesus
increased in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and men" (Luke
2:52). As the Son of God, he obeyed the Father.
"For
what he suffered" (v.8b). The supreme test of obedience to Christ was his
passion and death. The Devil did everything that Jesus did not execute the plan
of salvation. In the temptation in the desert, his goal was to obey the Lord
your suggestions (Matthew 4.1-11); the crucifixion, the enemy used for someone
to suggest that "prove" that He was the Son of God, come down from
the cross (Matthew 27:40). Brought eternal salvation (verse 9). "And it is
finished, became the source of eternal salvation for all who obey him"
(emphasis added) Jesus said to the Father: "I glorified you on earth by
completing the work you gave me to do" (John 17.4). On the cross, at the
supreme moment of his sacrifice for sinners, He said, "It is finished
..." (John 19:30). In this respect, it is worth remembering that some
theologians, based on the verse in focus and in other references, preach the
doctrine of absolute predestination, summarized in the sentence "once
saved, always saved." However, the verse shows clearly that salvation is
not eternal a priori, but conditional. It is eternal for "all who obey
him." Thus, it is only saved those who believe and follow Christ in
obedience. Called by God (v.10). Jesus belonged to a natural priestly order,
different from that of Aaron. In this, we see an important distinction between
the priesthood of Christ and the Aaronic priesthood. Jesus, like the v.10 says,
was "called by God a high priest after the order of Melchizedek"
(v.10). As we can see in the fifth chapter of Hebrews, the text reveals most
clearly the superiority of Christ priesthood in relation to Aaron Another
important point concerns the humanity of Christ. The writer asserts that Jesus
was human enough to seek God the Father in prayer, prayers and tears, and
became obedient as Son. This is an unparalleled example and an incomparable
lesson for us mortals, that sometimes are lax in doing the Lord's will, in
implicit obedience. "'Every high priest' (Heb 5.1). Two qualifications are
necessary for a true priesthood. (1) The priest must be compassionate, gentle
and patient with those who deviate unintentionally by involuntary sin and
weakness (v.2; 4:15; cf. Lev 4; Num 15.27-29). (2) shall be appointed by God
(vv.4-6). Christ satisfies both requirements. The origin of Melchizedek (5.6).
Melchizedek is a mysterious character of the Old Testament, which appears in
Genesis 14 as the priest of God in Salem (which is Jerusalem, Genesis 14:18;
Joshua 18:28; Ps 110.1-4; Heb 7.1), before the Levitical priesthood times. The
priesthood of Christ is the same type as that of Melchizedek "(Pentecostal
Bible Study, CPAD, pp. 1905, 1906).
"For
Christ, the Hebrew Christians not recognized under the figure of the High
Priest.
So
do not understand the application of this title and letter to his person. It
not being the lineage of Aaron, of course not contemplate as a priest. His
ministry also not awakened them that thought, since not claim any privilege of
access to the temple, nor performed any priestly function, and always
criticized the Jewish priesthood concert (Vincent).
The
author summarizes the characteristics and functions of the high priest (5.1-4),
showing that they are perfectly satisfied in Christ (5.5-10). According to the
Levitical system, every high priest is chosen among men and ordained for men.
He brings to the altar so bloody sacrifices as bloodless (5.1). It is required
of him that can sympathize or have had compassion on people. The term means to
be 'moderate' or 'tender' in their judgment, not too severe or too tolerant.
Not to be man who bristles at the sin and ignorance, not compromising with evil
(vv.2,3) It should be called by God (v.4) "(Bible Commentary Hebrews,
CPAD, p. 135)
CAP
6 apostasy of danger
The
Hebrew Christians were once enlightened by the revelation of God in Christ. Had
experienced the heavenly gift, the Holy Spirit, and the good Word of God, the
gospel of Christ preached to them with every manifestation of power and
miracles. For these people, if they deviate, it would be impossible to be
renewed again to repentance, since they deliberately rejected Christ, declaring
that his crucifixion had no more sense than before attributed to him. The
writer to the Hebrews felt closely the danger that those believers in these
circumstances faced, so warned. The believer for their lack of faith, fails to
fully take seriously the truths, exhortations, warnings, promises and teachings
of the Word of God (John 5.44,47) .2. When the realities of the world are even
greater than those of the kingdom of God, the believer gradually cease to draw
near to God through Christ (Heb 7.19,25) .3. Because of the misleading
appearance of sin, the person becomes more and more tolerant of it in your own
life (1 Corinthians 6.9,10) .4. Because of the hardness of their hearts (Heb
3.8,13) and its rejection of God's ways, is trying to ignore the repeated voice
and rebuke of the Holy Spirit (1 Thessalonians 5.19-22) .5. The Holy Spirit is
grieved (Eph 4:30); your fire is extinguished and its temple is defiled (1
Corinthians 3:16). Finally, he moves away from that which before was a believer
(Heb 13:14) (Pentecostal Bible Study. CPAD, p. 1903). (Ephesians)
When
the Christian faith and not in the parking deepens the knowledge of the things
of God, is likely to be taken by doctrines winds (Eph 4:14) and fall away, come
to be lost forever by not regret it. The theme of this lesson, for its
significant doctrinal content, deserves careful examination in the light of
God's Word.
SPIRITUAL
CHILDHOOD
Dull
of hearing (5:11). It is characteristic of children in general are dull of
hearing. It is part of his folly (Proverbs 22:15). Here the writer addresses
the Christians who were supposed to "be teachers by the time", ie
people who were not neophytes in the faith. In fact, the new converts, seen as
spiritual children usually are the best listeners. Milk needy (vv.12,13). The
believer "boy" does not develop by not listening to the Word of God.
Readers of Hebrews still lacked the rudimentary teachings of the Christian
faith: they needed "milk, not solid food." In fact, today, we see a
lot of "childhood" in various churches. It is "strange movements",
liars and dangerous, which have no basis in the Word of God. These people need,
if you really want to grow up to be adults in the faith, the pure milk of the
Word of God to growth, strengthening and spiritual immunization.
THE
principles of the doctrine
Repentance
and faith (6.1). Are the two pillars of the doctrine of salvation. Are key
elements that can not miss in teaching and training the new convert. The writer
speaks of "repentance from dead works." They being Jewish converts to
Christianity, probably still wanted to revive the old concepts of the law, such
as the Sabbath, the implementation of the sacrifices, the observance of the new
moons, etc., forgetting of salvation by grace through faith.
Baptisms
and laying on of hands (v.2). The doctrine of baptisms is part of the beginning
of faith, not in the advanced stages of spiritual development. Today, there are
still "boys", teaching that one should baptize in the name of Jesus,
and not in trinitarian form as Jesus commanded (cf. Mt 28:19). The imposition
of hands, similar to the Old Testament, which consisted of a symbolic gesture
of blessing transmission (as did Jacob), believers of that time should not
worry. Now, with him, the gesture of laying hands, in Jesus' name, provides divine
healing (Mark 16:18; Acts 28.8). Resurrection and judgment (v.2). Every
believer in Jesus, from the beginning of their faith, in its basic
discipleship, should know that Christ died for our sins, but raised for our
justification (Romans 4:25), and one day judge the world in righteousness (Acts
17:31).
The
GRAVE DANGER OF DEPARTURE
What
is apostasy. Removal, abandonment of faith. Apostasy means abandoning the
Christian faith premeditated and conscious way.
In
the text under consideration the writer warns of the danger of apostasy.
The
impossible repentance (vv.4,5). The chapter study contains a solemn warning
against deliberate and callous apostasy. In it are five reasons why a hardened
apostate can not repent: a) "You were once enlightened". Jesus is the
light of the world (John 8:12); those who accept the truth, experience your
perfect glow, and recognize that once were living in darkness in the world
without God and salvation. Now are not new converts. Are believers who know
differentiate the darkness of the light of Christ Devil. b) "They tasted
of the heavenly gift." The text does not refer to neophytes in faith, with
limited belief of the gospel. It refers, rather, to believers who had a real
experience with Christ (see 1 Peter 2.1-3), proving the salvation by faith is
the gift of God (Eph 2.8,9). c) "And made partakers of the Holy
Spirit." Here the warning is severe for those who have the Holy Spirit
immersed in the body of Christ. The apostle Paul says that "all have drunk
of one Spirit" (1 Corinthians 12.12,13). It is clear that the writer was
addressing the people who knew very well the meaning of communion with the Holy
Spirit. d) "And have tasted the good word of God." The writer
repeats the verb prove, referring to believers who had a more than superficial
knowledge of the truths of God, expressed in his Word. Not only felt the
"smell" but "ate" the Word, experiencing it and confirming
it as true (cf. Jn 17:17). e) "And (proved) the powers of the world."
The letter of readers were believers that besides the vast spiritual
experience, could also present, experience the blessings and the future of the
virtues. Jesus said, "And heal the sick that are therein, and say unto
them, is near you the Kingdom of God" (Luke 10.9); "... The Kingdom
of God is within you" (Luke 17:21). Relapse in the pit of apostasy (v.6).
The writer says that for those who had the experiences described in vv. 4:05,
and relapse, it would be "impossible" (v.4a) are "renew them
again unto repentance" (v.6a). This is not a believer who departs from the
local church by relatively common sins among men. Often these people repent and
ask forgiveness from God and the church.
The
impossibility of regret that the writer refers to believers who even provided
the experiments mentioned above, leaving Christ, denying it and denying it
purposely and deliberately. This is a person who reached as escrachado stage
shift, his conscience is seared (as 1 Tim 4.2), getting numb to any warning
from the Holy Spirit. It's such a difficult situation that the person ends up
blaspheming the Spirit of God, having no longer able to obtain the Father's
forgiveness (cf. Mt 12:31). This is the "sin unto death" dealt with
the apostle John in his epistle (1 John 5.16b). (Lucas's Timóteo- Hebrews)
Exposing
Christ to an open shame. a) They return to crucify the Son of God. The death of
Christ was foreordained by God to occur only once, as in fact happened. The Old
Testament priests offered sacrifices often, even for themselves (Heb 9:26). But
Christ offered once "to bear the sins of many" (Heb 9:28). Who knows,
experienced their salvation, and yet, ask purposeful and deliberately back to
crucify him, exposing him to an open shame. b) cursed earth. Using a tragic
metaphor, the writer suggests that the hearts of those who have knowledge of
Christ and despises, backsliding of faith, it's like a land before good but
becoming rejected, "bears thorns and thistles," and only pays to be
burned. LOYALTY God: God is not unrighteous (v.10). The writer considers the
recipients of his letter to loved ones, to those who wait "better things,
and things that accompany salvation ...". This proves that although the
apostasy constantly threatened, they had not fallen into it: they were being
warned. Then he says that "God is not unjust" to forget work, work,
and of their love for the saints, whom they served.
God
keeps His promises (v.13). God made promise to Abraham and since he had no one
greater by whom to swear, he swore by himself, promising to bless you and
multiply it on the ground, although his wife was barren. And the patriarch
reached the blessing, because waited patiently (vv.14,15).
It
is impossible for God to lie (vv.16-20). God wanted to show the
"immutability of his counsel heirs of promise", taking an oath.
Surely God does not need to swear, but that men had no doubt, He "it by an
oath." The writer emphasizes that "it is impossible for God to
lie," and so we should "hold upon the hope set, which we have as an
anchor of the soul, both sure and steadfast, and which enters into that within
the veil," where Jesus our dearly beloved and eternal High Priest. Those
who have the glorious experience of salvation must take care to not fall into
the deception of the devil. It is indescribable injury who apostate from the
faith, denying the power of Christ's blood for the salvation of sinners. These
unfortunates can reach repentance impossible situation, and are lost forever.
"At
this point, the author could have carried the comparison between Christ and
Melchizedek. But fearing that the reader does not reach its meaning, since it
would be contrary to Jewish current opinions, he formulates a warning and only
takes up the argument from Chapter 7. In verses 11-14 (Ch. 5), the author
warning about the dangers of parking in the spiritual life and mentions the
possible consequences. The spiritual life is similar to natural: in all its
stages depends on factors without which it can not be maintained. A healthy
growth gives the Christian position to take ownership of it would be impossible
in an earlier and lower stage. However, this finding has serious
responsibilities: a) The spiritual childhood period may be extended misused, as
did the Hebrews, keeping as 'little children' - this stage that should have
passed (vv.11,12). b) As a result of the first item, the person may not be
ready for the more mature statement ('strong meat'), at all necessary, when
given in time (vv.13,14). The Hebrews were still 'little children' when, by the
converted time, should have reached a certain maturity. It was time to be
teachers and not be seeking elementary education. Were inexperienced, immature
and unprepared to participate in discussions on issues of great bulk of
Christian thought. The following is an exhortation to advance in the search for
a higher knowledge that the author conducts, convinced that the monitor
(6.1-3): "Therefore leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let
us go on unto perfection." The Hebrew believers need of greater spiritual
awareness, since the author will demonstrate that the priesthood of Christ
means the abolition of the Old Covenant. Can not Christian maturity returning
to the first standards
stages
of Christian instruction. For the spiritual building is completed, it is
necessary to go beyond the foundation - the
repentance
from dead works by faith in God "(Bible Commentary Hebrews. CPAD, pp.
136,137).
Christ,
the eternal Priest and perfect CAP 7
Melchizedek
is described, in a nutshell, as a singular figure in the history of the Old
Testament. His genealogy is unknown, as is also not registered anything after
his appearance to Abraham. What is known is that Melchizedek was a priest of
God Most High King of righteousness and received tithes of Abraham. If this
priest was honored by the patriarch, highest honor must have the Lord Jesus,
who is infinitely superior to Melchizedek. The author of the Epistle to the
Hebrews demonstrates the failure of the law, he could not save or improve men
in God. Jesus Christ turn as perfect and definitive priest has provided to us
by our faith eternal salvation. The author of the epistle now reverses the
argument left in chapter 5, verse 10, in which he referred to Christ as High
Priest of a divine service, higher order than the one established under the
Mosaic law. This priestly order is of divine origin and after the order of
Melchizedek. The historical description of this singular character, is in
Genesis 14.17-20. He appears in the sacred pages which new star in the
firmament. Soon disappears to only find in the Epistle to the Hebrews.
The
fact that the Scriptures do not present a genealogical record of Melchizedek's
birth or his death, already makes it perfect type of the eternal priesthood of
Christ.
There
are few, but deep the Epistle of information about Melchizedek, which make this
an enigmatic character, difficult to understand as to its origin, development
and finishing of his work. Jesus Christ, on the contrary, being God, proved to
be such to humanity, from Him we can know what God wanted to reveal to become
our eternal priest, perfect and immaculate.
I.
WHO WAS MELCHIZEDEK
King
of Salem. "And Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine
..." (Gen. 14.18a; Hb7.1); "And this was the priest of God Most
High" (Genesis 14:18). This is the first biblical reference to
Melchizedek. He appears in the pages of the Old Testament, when he went to meet
Abraham, after this had defeated Quedor laormer king of Elam, and their allies.
Salem came to Jerusalem after the occupation of the land promised by God to
Abraham and his descendants (Genesis 14:18; Joshua 18:28; Judges 19:10). King
of Salem to say "king of peace" (v.2b). He was priest of God Most
High. "... And this was the priest of God Most High" (Gen. 14.18b;
Heb 7.1). The king and priest functions conferred him great dignity before
those who knew him. These two functions are remembered in Hebrews 7.1:
"For this Melchizedek, king of Salem and priest of God Most High
...". It was a different priestly order. Bible scholars assume that
Melchizedek belonged to a dynasty of priest-kings, who had knowledge of the
Most High God inspired by the oral tradition handed down from the beginning,
when religion was monotheistic and unique and that kept the hope of the
Redeemer of the human race, as Gen. 3:15. He did not belong to Aronica priestly
line, from the tribe of Levi. Received tithes of Abraham (Heb 7.2). This shows
us that the tithe institution dating back to the time long before the law. This
indicates "how big" was Melchizedek (v.4). He blessed Abraham, as
holder of the promises (vv.5,6). Was king of righteousness (v.2). As a type of
Christ, Melchizedek had the qualities of a just and faithful king. Without
descent (v.3).
It
said it was Melchizedek "Without father, without mother, without descent,
having neither beginning of days nor end of life ...". What the sacred
writer means is that it has not registered their ancestry and their offspring,
as well as the particulars of his death. From the context, it is understood
that he was a man with special features before God.
CHANGE
PRIESTHOOD AND LAW The new and perfect priesthood (v.11b). The Levitical
priesthood was imperfect (v.11a). In it, the sacrifices, offerings, worship and
liturgy were only true priesthood shadow that came by Christ. The priesthood of
Christ, not the order of Aaron or Levi, but "after the order of
Melchizedek" brought to perfection in man's relationship with God.
The
first priesthood, with its imperfections, was not able to save, but Christ the
High Priest by his own blood gave us access to God, assuring us of full
salvation. Law change (v.12). "For changing the priesthood, necessarily
also is change the law." With Christ, in fact, there was a change not only
the priesthood, but also the law. Before, it was the law of justice, the law of
works. With Christ, came the law of grace, the law of love. The law was
ineffective. "The former commandment," that is, the old law was
"abrogated because of its weakness and uselessness" (v.18). Abrogate
mean cancel, terminate, wear off, withdraw. It happened when Christ brought the
gospel, ab-begging the old law, the Old Covenant.
The
Priesthood PERPETUAL AND PERFECT CHRIST
Jesus
brought salvation perfect (v.25). The priests of the old covenant perished
(v.23). The Aaronic priesthood was made up of hundreds of priests who succeeded
constantly, since "were prevented by death to stay." The arônicos
priests only interceded by men to God, but not were saving. Jesus, our High
Priest, not only "always lives to make intercession" for us, as assured
in a perfect salvation through him (v.25; Rom 8:34). Jesus assures full
salvation (Jn. 5. 24), without relying on a supposed purgatory or a
hypothetical reincarnation. Jesus, the perfect priest (v.26). The Word of God
indicates here the qualifications of Christ, that differentiate it from any
priest of the old covenant. "For it became in such a high priest":
a)
Santo. The priest of the Old Testament would have to be holy, set apart,
consecrated. Even his clothes were holy (Ex 28.2,4; 29.29). However, men were
flawed, imperfect, subject to sin. Jesus, our High Priest, was and is holy in
the full sense of the word. b) Innocent. Because never sinned, Jesus had no
guilt. He challenged his opponents to accuse him (John 8:46) c) Immaculate. The
lamb in the Old Law, had to be without blemish (Lev 9.3; 23:12; Num 6:14).
Jesus as the "Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world" (John
1:29), had no moral or spiritual stain. d) Separated from sinners. Jesus lived
among men, ate with them, including the person's home low reputation, like
Zacchaeus, but it was "separate from sinners." It did not breed, nor
was influenced by the behavior of evil men. e) Made more sublime than the
heavens. This expression speaks of the exaltation of Christ, as it is foretold
in the Bible: "As I live, saith the Lord, every knee shall bow to me, and
every tongue shall confess to God" (Rom 14:11). f) He offered himself,
once (v.27). The high priests of the Old Testament need to offer sacrifices,
many times, first for themselves and then for the people. But Jesus, being
immaculate, sinless, did not need to do this for you. So only offered a perfect
sacrifice once, for sinners.
"Melchizedek
(Hebrews 7.1). Melchizedek, a contemporary of Abraham, was king of Salem and
priest of God (Gen. 14:18). Abraham paid tithes to him and was blessed by him
(vv.2-7). Here, the Bible has as a foreshadowing of Jesus Christ, who is both
priest and king (v.3) The priesthood of Christ is' after the order of
Melchizedek "(6:20), which means that Christ is before Abraham, Levi and
the Levitical priests, and greater than all of them. "Without father,
without mother (Heb 7.3). This does not mean that Melchizedek literally had no
parents or relatives, or that was angel. Mean only that the Scriptures do not
record your genealogy and says nothing about its beginning and end. Therefore,
serves as a perpetual type of Christ, whose priesthood will never end. Living
forever to intercede (Hebrews 7:25). Christ lives in heaven in the presence of
the Father (8.1), interceding for all his followers, individually, according to
the will of the Father (cf. Rom 8.33,34; 1 Tim 2.5; 1 John 2.1). (1) For the
ministry of intercession of Christ, we experience the love and presence of God
and find mercy and grace to be helped in any kind of need (4.15; 5.2),
temptation (Luke 22:32), weakness (4.15, 5.2), sin (1 John 1.9; 2.1) and trial
(Rom 8.31-39). (2) The prayer of Christ as high priest in behalf of his people
(John 17), as well as their willingness to pour out the Holy Spirit on all believers
(Acts 2:33) help us understand the scope of his ministry of intercession (see
Jn 17.1). (3) Through the intercession of Christ, those who come to God (ie,
continually reaches God, for the participle in the Greek is in the present time
and emphasizes the continuous action) can receive grace to be saved
'perfectly'. The intercession of Christ as our high priest is essential to our
salvation. Without it, and without his grace and mercy and help we are granted
through that intercession you dismiss him from God, returning to be slaves of
sin and Satan's dominion, and incurring just condemnation. Our hope is to bring
us to God through Christ, by faith (see 1 Peter 1.5) "(Bible of
Pentecostal Study. CPAD, pp. 1907-1909).
Christ,
the mediator of a better covenant CAP 8
Jesus
Christ is the mediator of the New Covenant. What does that mean? What is the
importance of this fact? The covenant given by Moses should be neglected? If
all the rituals and ceremonies of Judaism had lost its value, which existed to
take its place? What would be the basis for someone to communicate with God?
These were the questions of those Hebrew believers. This study stated in the
answer: the base should now be Jesus Christ. He is the Minister of the
"true tabernacle" (v.2); the mediator of a better covenant (v.6). The
tabernacle is the dwelling place of God. . As Minister, Jesus Christ brings us
to the very presence of God, where we have full communion with Him We, the
believers of the New Covenant, we have a High Priest of unique and outstanding
class: Someone in itself is reality, and corresponding meets the standard set
by God to the priesthood; Someone whose ministry therefore is fulfilled on the
celestial sphere, and not in the earthly; Someone whose work was consummated by
the enthronement at the right hand of God; and Someone, therefore, is able to
fulfill a more excellent ministry as mediator quality of a new and better
Concert: Christ, our beloved Savior, became minister of the true tabernacle and
entered into our place not in some sanctuary ground, but the very presence of
God, made eternal redemption. The Old Covenant implied commandments, statutes
and judgments, which were not observed by the chosen people. It was a
transitional concert, as the writer, "For if that first was faultless,
never place have been sought for the second" (verse 7). Then Jesus brought
a new covenant, which was established, not in outward acts, rituals, but within
man, the understanding and the heart. So it is a better concert. The Lord make
us understand this issue, and that we value in our Christian life!
CHRIST'S
POSITION IN THE SKY: "A high priest about ..." (v.1a). With this
expression, the Word of God aims to again emphasize the uniqueness of Christ
the High Priest, highlighting it and distinguish it from the juice ordinary
priests, fragile, mortal, the Old Covenant. The expression "as" here
shows the inability of human words to describe the greatness of Christ. This is
also occurs in John 3:16 (from "such" way). "Seated in
heaven." This expression also appears in 1.3; 10:12 and 12.2, indicates
Christ as the perfect High Priest, who carried out his work in a way that has
the right to sit on his throne, right next to the Father. Already the Old
Covenant priests could not sit because His work never ended. So are never
described as sitting.
"In
the right hand of the majesty of the throne" (v.1b). Christ at God's
right, it's the highest honor position in the heavens. In Mark 16:19, it is
written: "Now the Lord, after having spoken to them, was taken up into
heaven and sat down at the right hand of God." Jesus Christ is the only
being who has a position of extreme highlighted in heaven. This truth is
transmitted to us so that we know that our mediator is not a heavenly being any
but one that has place of honor, unique and outstanding before God. Our prayers
are brought to him who intercedes for us with the Father.
THE
PRIESTHOOD OF CHRIST IN HEAVEN: Minister of the sanctuary and of the true
tabernacle. " Despite being Christ seated at the right hand of God, and
having completed his work, during his earthly ministry, He is described here as
"minister of the sanctuary and of the true tabernacle" (v.2). In
heaven, the beloved Master continues to perform his ministry or divine service,
as our mediator, intercessor, advocate and High Priest before the Father, for
he went into the Holy of Holies. What Christ is in heaven. Opening slightly the
veil of eternity, the Bible tells us about the work of Christ in heaven. From
there, He controls all things, both which are in heaven, as those on earth, in
the universe, anyway. He sits "at the right hand of the Majesty",
"upholding all things by the word of His power" (1.3). Too much! For
us, the Bible says, that "it is the right hand of God, who also maketh
intercession for us" (Rom 8.34b). There are millions of believers praying
every day, everywhere, in all more than 6,000 known languages, and Jesus is
listening to those prayers and intercession for us. Glory to God! Jesus offers
to all his servants and works for them. (Read Isaiah 64.4). Consisting of God
(vv.2-4). Jesus, as High Priest ordained by God in heaven, exercises their work
in the true tabernacle, founded by the Lord, not by man. The ancient
tabernacle, mounted in the desert, no longer exists. Its lush glory disappeared.
Solomon built the majestic temple, which replaced the tabernacle (2 Cr 7.1,11).
Later the temple was destroyed and replaced by another, which also disappeared.
But the heavenly tabernacle, where Christ is, is eternal and indestructible.
A
NEW CONCERT: "A more excellent ministry" (v.6a). More than a priest
on earth, Jesus was the "Lamb of God", offering himself as a
sacrifice, giving his life for us (cf. Jn 10.15,28). Now he plays the priestly
functions juice in the sky: "more excellent ministry" (1.4), that
done by all priests and high priests land, the Old Covenant.
"Mediator
of a better covenant" (v.6b). An alliance, there are three elements
involved. The parties, at least two, and a mediator. In the Old Covenant, we
see God on one side and the people of Israel on the other.
The
mediator was the priest or the priest. It was God who proposed and established
the Old Covenant.
The
priests did their job but failed. Were deficient and flawed mediators.
The
human side, represented by Israel, ruined up backsliding. But God by his
infinite mercy, has provided us a new and better Concert, "confirmed on
better promises" (v.6), through Christ.
The
new concert abolished the old (v.7). "For if that first was faultless,
never place have been sought for the second." In Jeremiah we read,
"But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after
those days, saith the LORD: I will put my law in their minds and write it on
their hearts; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people "(Jer
31:33). See Ezek. 36.25,26. This is very significant. In the Old Covenant, the
service was more abroad: there were animal sacrifices, rituals, custody of
Saturday, the new moons, etc. The New Covenant brought by Christ, in all it's
higher. The law of Christ is placed in the human heart. Instead of all the
sacrifices of the Old Covenant, Christ, giving up on the cross, made a unique
and sufficient sacrifice, atoning and redemptive. We should have no doubt as to
the validity of the New Covenant, committed by Christ. The apostle Paul writing
to the Corinthians, asserted: "Therefore if any man be in Christ a new
creature: old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new
"(2 Corinthians 5:17). This refers to those who accepted Christ, leaving the
old sins and habits, and that should value every day salvation in Christ Jesus,
not going back to the old ways. You must have firm faith.
"The
new sanctuary and the new covenant (Ch. 8). Before consider in detail the
priestly work of Christ (chapter 9;. 10.1-18), the author provides an overview
as to the nature of the relationship between the new sanctuary (8.1-6) and the
New Covenant (8.7-13) . The new sanctuary. The author begins the argument by
saying: 'As for the subject under discussion, this point is main (the essence
of what we have said) because we now have a High Priest, and he is already
exercising adequate priestly work to his position in the sanctuary.' This
sanctuary was divinely established on the throne of majesty on high (vv.1,2).
The work of Christ as High Priest in the heavenly realms in no way could be
fulfilled on earth, for in the time it was written the letter there was a
priestly order (outdated, but still working) established by the Mosaic law.
Since Christ did not belong to the tribe of Levi (7.13,14), naturally could not
work with them (vv.5,6).
The
new alliance. The Levitical system was based on a covenant that the prophets
recognized imperfect and transitory, as they spoke of the divine purpose of
establishing a new one. If the first were perfect, there would be no demand for
a second covenant (verse 7). Hence we believe that was in the heart of the holy
people who lived in the Old Testament a sense of satisfaction. Looking for
something higher. And this better covenant had been promised, as evidenced by
the Scriptures (Jer 31.31-34; Ez 36.25-29; vv.8-12).
Features
of the New Covenant: Includes all the people of the Old Covenant - Israel and
Judah - and the Gentiles (v.8). It is distinct from the Old Covenant,
established in the time of the Exodus (verse 9), through which God commanded a
nation at all separate and exclusive, for a testimony of its power. The nation
of Israel came to serve the type to 'holy nation' (as represented by the
church, 1 Peter 2.9), which would be raised by the New Covenant. Has positive
features, spiritual and subjective order. Its efficient operation turn the
hearts of those who believe, such a definitive way that the commandments would
be part of their personality (v.10). It is universally effective in the presence
of all peoples, including the 'house of Israel', of whom the Lord would be
individually known (v.11). It is based on God's grace, enough to provide an
absolute pardon. Sin would be pulled up to the divine memory (v.12).
"(Bible Commentary Hebrews. CPAD, págs.145-147)
Christ
brought greater glory in the worship of God CAP 9
God
commanded the people of Israel to build a sanctuary, and guided him in every
detail of this construction. Due to be the dwelling place of God in the
wilderness, the people worshiped. However, the tabernacle and its elements were
passengers and less than Christ. Under the Mosaic order was understood that
there was no free access to God. Only once a year, and this through a
representative. Only through blood sacrifice could the people closer to God.
The lesson learned is that because of sin, man's purpose of bringing up
directly from God was frustrated. The whole Levitical economy was temporary,
not passing shadow or type of the heavenly reality. The annual sacrifices could
never
solve
the problem of consciousness. As these are temporary, they waited for a time of
"reform," a
occasion
better.
THE
DIVINE WORSHIP IN SANCTUARY GROUND
The
worship in the holy place of the tabernacle (9.1,2). The tabernacle, where the
cult activities were intense, was divided into three parts: the courtyard, the
Holy Place and the Holy of Holies. The v.2 refers to the second part - the holy
place, calling it "the first", because he is the first of two covered
parts: the Holy Place and the Holy of Holies. The courtyard was discovered. The
elements of the Holy Place. After the entry of the veil, you could see three
important elements in the second part of the tabernacle, "the candlestick,
the table and the consecrated bread" (v.2). The tabernacle revealed that
God would manifest itself in the midst of his people (Exodus 25.8). Today, we
must enhance the environment of the temple, in the local church, it is
dedicated to the worship of God.
a)
The lamp, candlestick or chandelier. It was a massive piece of pure gold, whose
lamps were lit daily (Exodus 25:31; Leviticus 24.1-4), representing Christ, the
light of the world (John 8:12) b) The bread of the Presence. They were on the
table, which was a mobile satin wood, coated with gold. The shewbread was a
type of Christ, the bread of life (John 6:35) .c) The altar of incense. The
writer does not speak the incense altar, but this was also the Holy Place (see
Exodus 30.1-3) representing Christ our intercessor (John 17.1-26, Hebrews
7:25). He occupied a central position in the sanctuary, indicating that the
prayer life is fundamental in the worship of God. The neglect of prayer reveals
spiritual immaturity.
The
place Holy of Holies (vv.3-7). Inside, was the ark of the covenant, with its
cover or mercy seat with cherubs carved on the ends (Ex 25.10). The ark
represented the presence of God or Christ, our Emmanuel, which is God with us
(Matthew 1:23). The ark, the manna were in remembrance of God's provision, or
Christ, the "bread which came down from heaven" (Jn 6:58); Aaron's
rod, remembering God's faithfulness; and the boards of the concert, so that the
people did not forget the importance of the law. But there was a veil
separating the Holy Place of the Most Holy Place (vv.3,7,8). That veil
indicated "that even the way the Sanctuary was not discovered, while
keeping standing the first tabernacle" (v.8) .When we pray, we should not
be "in the Courtyard" (dull prayer). We need to move to the
"Holy Place" (objective prayer) and get to the "Holy of
Holies" (prayer in the Spirit).
A
LARGER AND MORE PERFECT TABERNACLE
Christ
the High Priest of the good (v.11). These "good things" are not yet
fully within our reach. It is not known.
Salvation
is present, but it depends on our endurance to the end (Matthew 10:22; 24:13;
cf. Rom 13:11). The absolute reign of Christ and the blessed eternity with God
ahead. The skies ahead. The New Jerusalem is prepared for the saints of the
Lord. A perfect tabernacle (v.11). The heavenly tabernacle, "not made with
hands." The ancient tabernacle utensils disappeared. Where is the ark? The
altar of incense? It is not known. But Christ, by dying, has made the veil of
the temple (in Jerusalem) was ripped from top to bottom, showing that the path
to the true sanctuary, which is the presence of God was definitely open for the
man who believes in Him.
Mediator
of the New Testament.
a)
The Old Testament was overcome. The Old Testament was the shadow of heavenly
things, provided by God for man's redemption. The law, which directed the cult
in the old sanctuary, did not justify anyone (Galatians 3:11). On the contrary,
those who were under the works of the law were under a curse, because they can
not meet all its clauses (Gal 3.10) .b) The New Testament is superior. Christ
became "the mediator of the New Testament" (v.15), which contains the
striking and final clauses of the new relationship between God and man, and
this with God. He "entered in once into the holy place, having obtained
eternal redemption" (v.12) .c) The death of the testator. The will is only
valid with the testator's death (v.16). Since Christ died, the New Testament
came to be valid, promising us an "eternal inheritance" (v.15). In
the old tabernacle, the atonement of sins was temporary and partial. In the
new, with the guarantee of the New Testament, redemption is perfect, final and
everlasting. d) immaculate priest (v.14). The priests were imperfect. Christ
our High Priest, with his blood, "the eternal Spirit offered himself
without spot to God," purifying consciences "from dead works" so
that we may serve the living God (v.14). The Old Testament was validated by the
blood of animals (v.19). The New legitimized by the blood of Christ shed for
us.
The
PERFECT SACRIFICE OF CHRIST: "Without shedding of blood is no
remission" (v.22).
The
Bible points out that in the old tabernacle, "almost all things are by the
law purged with blood," stressing that "without shedding of blood is
no remission" (see Leviticus 17:11). Here we see the importance of blood
for the atonement of sin in the Old Testament. This means that when an animal
was offered in sacrifice for sin, God accepted the offer to assign to it the
provisional redemption value of the offeror sinner. The blood was a symbol of
life of the grant, which was given in atonement. Such sacrifice pointed to the
blood of Christ, which would be shed for us.
"Best
Sacrifices" (v.23). The writer says that "it was therefore necessary
that the patterns of things in the heavens should be purified," that is,
should be cleansed with blood. Each dead animal, sinner's substitute, pointed
to the "Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world" (John 1:29).
The ancient sacrifices were repetitive. The Christ was made only once, to be
superior and perfect.
The
entry of Christ in heaven (v.24). Christ entered "once in the holy place,
having obtained eternal redemption" (v.12). The priest went every day in
the sanctuary, that is, the Holy Place, but could only partial remission of sin
and temporal. The high priest entered only once a year in the Holy of Holies
and offered sacrifices for the people and by himself, for he was also a sinner
(cf. verse 7). However, Christ entered "into heaven itself, now to appear
for us before the face of God." He is our perfect intercessor (Rom 8:34),
along with other wonderful intercessor who is the Holy Spirit (Romans 8:27).
Christ will appear a second time (vv.27,28). Here the Bible says that Christ
"because he appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself",
offering to "take away the sins of many," and that He will return for
the second time, "those who are waiting for salvation. " The New
Covenant brought by Christ took place through a perfect and unique sacrifice,
which need not be repeated, replacing the imperfect sacrifices of the old
covenant. So, let us be grateful to God for the death of Christ on the cross of
Calvary, which made for us an eternal redemption. "The atonement of the
New Covenant (9.11-22). The reform theme introduces a better sanctuary, an
efficient sacrifice and a more complete salvation. The service of the Jewish
high priest on the Day of Atonement represented the climax of the Levitical
system. On that day, every year, he entered the divine presence in earthly
tabernacle, leading the atoning blood of animals.
Under
the New Covenant, Christ, 'the high priest of the good things', entered once
for all into the tabernacle itself, bearing his own blood as atonement. The
blood of bulls and goats effected only ritualistic and symbolic purification,
limited in scope, but the blood of Christ offered as a spiritual and living
sacrifice, performing inner purification, bringing communion with the living
God (vv.13,14) .
Bishop
Westcott observes the following items for which the blood of Christ is
superior, based on an analysis of his sacrifice, which was:
a)
voluntary, unlike the sacrifices required by the Act; b) rational, and not as
animal (irrational); c) spontaneous, not in obedience to superior orders; d)
moral, an offering of himself by action of the supreme power in Him resident
(Eternal Spirit), by which it had communion with God. Not merely followed a
rite, a predetermined scheme. No! He had the purest motives "(Bible
Commentary - Hebrews, CPAD, pp 148,149.)..
The
effectiveness of the CAP 10 Christ's sacrifice
Instituted
by God, the animal sacrifices were the only way to appease the wrath of God
against sin and approach the man from his Creator. However, these sacrifices
have proven ineffective because only temporarily aplacavam the wrath of God,
but did not remove sin. Thus, there was the need for a unique and perfect
sacrifice, in order to promote men the certainty of reconciliation with God.
The author of the epistle to study not only presents Christ as the last High
Priest, but as the perfect sacrifice to God; sacrifice that definitely takes
away the sins.
Old
Testament sacrifices were repeated every day for ordinary priests. The high
priest entered every year in the most holy place to offer sacrifices for
himself and for the people. But as all this was "shadow of good
things," such sacrifices not perfected anyone. With Christ, our High
Priest, we are assured of full salvation that perfects us, until one day we get
"the perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of Christ" (Eph
4:13). And this will only happen in the sky.
SACRIFICES
INEFFECTIVE
The
shadow of the good (v.1). The Old Covenant was made up of sacrifices, burnt
offerings, offerings and offerings, which were figures "of the good,"
ie, the gospel of Christ, who brought us the riches of God's grace, starting
with the salvation of our souls, through the vicarious sacrifice of Jesus.
Because they are shadows and not reality, animal sacrifices could not improve
"those who they arrive." The blood of animals could not take his sins
(vv.2-4). For serving those offers, the writer says that "it is impossible
for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins" (v.2)? The sacrifices
did not lead men to God, but served by anticipation means for atonement. The
word atonement in Hebrew has the meaning of "cover" sin, a crime
against the law. God prepared a body for Jesus (v.5). Only in the human body
(incarnation), it could be accepted by God as perfect offering in place of
sinful man. In the Old Testament sacrifices were imperfect substitutes. The
body of Christ was God's solution to replace all imperfect sacrifices of the
Old Testament. His blood, shed on the cross, not only covered the sins, but
took them, and cast them into the depths of the sea (Micah 7:19). John
exclaimed, "Behold the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the
world" (John 1:29).
THE
FIRST WAS DRAWN TO THE SECOND PLACE
Christ
obeyed God (verse 9). Jesus was obedient unto death (Phil 2.8). He fulfilled
all the divine plan in order to save man from eternal damnation. His death was
uncontested evidence of its total resignation, obedience and submission to the
will of God. He said: "Lo, I come to do, O God, thy will." This is a
lesson of unparalleled spiritual value for all of us: Jesus, being God,
voluntarily divested himself of his glory, and presented himself to the Father in
the unrestricted provision of fully meeting the divine plan of redemption of
mankind (see Philippians 2.5 -8). The Old Covenant replaced by new (verse 9).
In saying Scripture "strip the first to establish the second", we see
the permanent replacement of the old cool mosaic system in which the sacrifices
were ineffective for salvation, by the New Covenant, established by Christ,
with his perfect sacrifice. Comparison between the Old and the New Covenant.
The law did not make the man in moral terms; the gospel of Christ changes,
because "it is the power of God unto salvation to every one that
believeth" (Rom 1:16); the law only condemned the guilty; God's grace
frees.
The
law was symbol of reality; grace is the reality of the symbols; the law was
"the ministry of death" (2 Cor 3.7); grace is "law of the Spirit
of life in Christ Jesus" (Rom 8.2).
A
PERFECT SACRIFICE
Sanctified
by the oblation of the body of Christ (v.10). Oblations were bloodless
offerings (bloodless), inanimate, offered to God such as wine, oil, flour, etc.
On the one hand, Christ offered his own blood as a burnt offering on our
behalf, on the other, he was accepted as an offering of a sweet savor to God,
"once for all", so that, in Christ, we are accepted by God. Only
sacrifice (vv.11-14). The writer points out that the priests in the Old
Covenant, daily offered sacrifices they could not take away sins. It emphasizes
that Christ offered "one sacrifice for sins," demonstrating the
effectiveness of your self offering to God for sinners. It adds that Christ is
"seated forever at the right hand of God" "... waiting until his
enemies be made his footstool." Perfect sacrifice. Unlike the Old Covenant
sacrifices, if only temporarily covered the sin but not the sinner turned, the
sacrifice of Christ was constituted "a single offering," who
"perfected for ever them that are sanctified" (v.13; see v .10). Here
we have something that the law could not do, to sanctify the people. With the
advent of grace, we are sanctified by the Word (Jn. 17:17), through faith in Christ
(Acts 26:18) and the blood of Jesus (1 Peter 1.2).
PRIVILEGES
AND RESPONSIBILITIES BELIEVER IN JESUS
Enter
the temple of God (v.19). In the Old Covenant, the common people could not
enter the sanctuary itself. Only came to the court, which was the outside of
the tabernacle. In Christ, however, saved men and women are "real
priests" (1 Peter 2.9), and have "confidence to enter the sanctuary
by the blood of Jesus." This is a privilege that only the faithful washed
and redeemed by the blood of Christ can have. Such believers do not need
mediators, guides, deities or gurus. Jesus is "the only mediator between
God and man" (1 Tim 2.5). How to get to God (vv.22-25). You can not come
to God anyway. The writer, in his incisive exhortation, shows us the care we
should have to go into the presence of God:
a)
"With true heart". We can only have access to the Father and be
accepted by Him if we have a sincere heart, clean and pure (Matthew 5.8). b)
"In wholeness of faith." The believer, to seek the presence of God,
can not doubt his existence, of his power and his graça.c) "having our
hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience." For God not worth appearances.
He sees the inner man. The psalmist said that God probe and understand our
thoughts (Ps 139.1,2). If we place the iniquity, He will not hear us (Ps
65.18). d) "The bodies washed with pure water." Certainly the
biblical text here refers to the purification of the believer by the Word, as
we read in Ephesians 5:26: "cleanse her with the washing of water by the
word," that for the Church. e) Holding firm confession of hope. In Hebrews
3.6 we are exhorted to "keep firm confidence and glory of hope until the
end." The profession of our faith indicates our faith in the glorious and
unfailing promises of God, "for he is faithful that promised" .f)
Whereas each other, encouraging us "to love and to good works." The
good relationship between believers is important condition for access to God.
Charity (love in action) is the mark of a Christian. Good works are safe from
duty (Eph 2:10) .g) "Not forsaking the assembling of ourselves
together." Here does not refer to physical sense: let the local church to
go to congregate in other neighborhood; but that we should not let the
assembling of ourselves, to come together, having in mind the need of
collective communion. We are members one of another (Romans 12.5). It is wrong
and carnal the idea that someone can be "believer in house", unless
you are sick. h) "admonishing one another." Warn, here is the
original sense of cheer, encourage. This practice, when performed with love,
has great effect on strengthening and spiritual encouragement of the Christian
community.
"The
blood of bulls (Heb 10.4). The blood of animals was only a temporary provision
or atonement for the sins of the people; ultimately, a man needed to serve as a
substitute for mankind. That is why Christ came to earth and was born as a man
so that could offer yourself in our place (2.9,14). In addition, only a man
without sin could take upon himself our punishment for sin (2.14-18; 4.15) and
thus sufficient and perfect way to meet the requirements of God's holiness (Rom
3.25,26). Perfected for ever them ... sanctified (Heb 10:14).
The
only offering of Christ on the cross and its result (ie, the perfect salvation)
are eternally effective all who are sanctified to come near to God through
Christ (v.22; 7:25) Note that the Greek word 'holy' here and in verse 10, are
present participles that emphasize continuous action at the present time. When
ye see the day approaching (Heb 10:25). The day of the return of Christ for the
faithful is approaching. Until then, we will face many spiritual trials and
many fakes in doctrine. We regularly gather us for us to encourage each other
and entering into us in Christ and in the apostolic faith of the new covenant.
"(Bible of Pentecostal Study, CPAD, pp. 1914, 1915).
The
unpardonable sin cap 10 following v.26
There
are specific situations where the sinner deliberately places against Christ, a
state so dark iniquity that it is impossible its restoration. Men need to
accept the sacrifice of Christ, but will suffer eternal judgment. There is no
alternative. The writer to the Hebrews presents salvation as a gift to those
who hope to Christ; but for those who reject his sacrifice, there is only a
fearful expectation of judgment "about to consume the adversaries."
The apostle Peter would tell them: "For better for them not to have known
the way of righteousness than having known it, to turn from the holy commandment
delivered unto them." The sacrifice of Christ provides us access to God.
However, God requires of us responsible use of their gifts, but mainly we want
a life of holiness. There may be people in the church that even having
experienced the gifts of God - salvation, forgiveness of sins, the inclusion in
the church - want to sin voluntarily, there being for the sins of such people
any sacrifice. Because of return to life of sin and trample the Son of God left
them the expectation of something bad, because fall into the hands of the
living God. These words must be understood in two senses: 1) There can be no
other sacrifice than that which has been done - the Christ - that can give
forgiveness of sins. The Levitical sacrifices were abolished; have no value to
make atonement and there can be a new atoning sacrifice. 2) But beyond that,
the sacred writer indicates that the apostasy of sin is fatal; is beyond the
reach of divine forgiveness.
SIN
VOLUNTEER
In
chapter 3 of Hebrews is written: "See brethren, lest there be in any of
you an evil heart of unbelief, in departing from the living God" (v.12).
"The term gr. aphistemi, translated 'separate' is defined as fallen,
desertion, rebellion, abandonment, withdrawal or move away from what it was before
on "(Bible of Pentecostal Study). This is apostasy. "This sin is the
conscious rejection, malicious and volunteer evidence and conviction of the
witness of the Holy Spirit, with respect to the grace of God manifested in
Jesus Christ" (Oliveira). It is in this context that we must understand
this subject.
Having
known the truth (v.26). The sacred text refers to a type of spontaneous sin
conscious.
The
knowledge of the truth mentioned here is not the rudimentary experienced by the
new convert, or that believer of superficial Christian life, but the knowledge
of divine truth in the broad sense (epignosis). There remains a sacrifice.
"I no longer remains a sacrifice for sins," states the sacred text.
These are presumptuous sins, to act in an unspeakable affront to God. Sin so is
a violation of the sanctity of the Most High. It is madness that will bring
serious consequences. The divine truth sets (Jn. 8:32) when the sinner receives
heart. However, when the truth is neglected deliberately, conscious, willful,
repeat and offensive, by those who know enough, it becomes impossible
forgiveness because that person rejects and repels away from him the grace of
God, which can take -la to repentance. In the lawless circumstances already
described, that person not only sins against the Son, but also against the
Father who sent him, and against the Holy Spirit who convicts us of sin. Who
then convince that person of his sin? There is only one fearful looking (v.27).
No more sacrifice for sin, what is left? All that remains is "a fearful
looking for of judgment and fiery indignation, which shall devour the
adversaries." Only expects you a sentence: "a fearful thing to fall
into the hands of the living God" (v.31).
Neglecting
SACRIFICE THE ONLY SAVED
Stepping
the Son of God (v.29). The law of Moses, the word of two or three people was
valid for a sacrilegious were condemned without mercy (Deuteronomy 17.2-6). For
that person, there was no appeal: death was certain. Who foot the Son of God, a
"greater punishment" you shall come. Discard the gospel is considered
worthless sacrifice of Christ; is make fun of salvation, despise all that is
sacred in Christ's church after meeting the truth from the Holy Oracles.
Profaning
the will of the blood (v.29b). Means considering the blood of the Son of God as
a common blood, profane, sacred or no redeeming value. The Bible says that
"the blood of Jesus Christ His Son cleanses us from all sin" (1 John
1.7). It is their blood that we come to Him (Ephesians 2:13); the blood of
Christ cleanses (Heb 9:14); rescues (1 Peter 1:19); lava from all sin (Rev.
1.5). Thus, if the offender acted profane the blood of Christ, there is nothing
more that can renew or purify.
Insulted
the Holy Spirit (v.29). This is a multiple sin in your practice: while standing
the Son of God, profane your blood and makes insulted the Holy Spirit
(literally, insult, insolence, outrage). For this type of sinner, Calvary is
just an act, a farce.
a)
Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit. With hardened heart, the sinner consciously
outrages the Holy Spirit. In this regard Jesus warned sternly: "Anyone But
he that shall blaspheme against the Holy Ghost hath never forgiveness, but is
in danger of eternal judgment" (Matthew 12:32; Mark 3:29; Luke 12:10). In
Mark's text, it appears that blaspheme the Spirit of God is the same as
attributing to Satan the work of Christ. As we see, the Epistle to the Hebrews
only confirms what Jesus had taught previously.
b)
The unpardonable sin is not the simple disbelief. The unbeliever in fact, if
not accept Christ, is condemned (John 3:18). In this case, it is not an
unbeliever any, but someone who has had extensive knowledge of the truth. The
Holy Spirit that has the power to convince the sinner of his sins (John 16.8).
If the miserable despises and makes it wrong, there is no hope for such.
c)
Repentance impossible. In the study referring to Chapter 6 of Hebrews, we have
learned that it is impossible to renew to repentance those who "were once
enlightened"; "Tasted the heavenly gift"; "Made partakers
of the Holy Spirit"; "Tasted the good word of God, and the powers of
the world" (vv.5,6). What is the reason for this failure? The answer is
clearly stamped on the text: why "again crucified the Son of God, and
exposed to public shame." Once again we find that the unpardonable sin is
not committed by an unsuspecting disobedient any; it is not sin through
ignorance.
GOD'S
JUDGMENT is SEVERE AND TOTAL
"Fearful
thing to fall into the hands of the living God." This warning shows us how
God is severe in his judgment: no bribes can change their purpose; nor fame,
nor riches, nor earthly advantages of any kind make any difference in the
heavenly judgment. Remembering the past days (v.32). Here's admonition to the
Epistle addressed is for you to remember "the former days", in which
they gave their testimony before his pursuers. Those believers sympathized in
those who were arrested and lost property, knowing that they would have
"in heaven a better and an enduring substance" (vv.33,34) .The
apostasy, the deliberate abandonment of faith in Christ is something
indescribable spiritual gravity . If we reject the sacrifice of Christ as
payment for our sins, there will be no other provision for our salvation
(v.26). The religious relativism and secularism that weaken the church,
loosening the rules and boundaries between the holy and the profane, is a
warning sign to all of us. Not reject Christ! "Warning against apostasy.
The willful sin that threatened the Hebrews was to abandon Christianity and
return to Judaism. No sacrifice for those who depart from the faith in Christ -
the soul of man there is only one sacrifice, the Christ (v.26). But if the
sacrifice of Christ is definitive, is also the last. Reject it voluntarily
implies 'a certain fearful looking for of judgment and fiery indignation'
(v.27). The author does not limit the effectiveness of the work of Christ on
behalf of penitent. This passage should be studied in conjunction with Chapter
6.4-8.
Under
the Old Covenant, who despised the Law of Moses was punished with death (v.28).
The same principle is in effect, and with greater accuracy even for those who
fall away from the faith, since it is an affront to Christ, the effectiveness
of its blood and insulting the Holy Spirit, through whom God's grace is
manifested. On such weighs the judgment of God, which no one can escape
(vv.29-31) "(Bible Commentary - Hebrews, CPAD, 156 p.). "If we sin
willfully (Heb 10:26). The writer of Hebrews back to warn his readers about the
case to abandon Christ, as they did in 6.4-8.Pisar the Son of God (Hebrews 10.
29). Continue to sin deliberately after receiving the knowledge of the truth
(v.26) is: (1) become guilty of stepping Jesus Christ, treat it with contempt
and disregard his life and death; (2) have the blood of Christ as unworthy of
our loyalty; and (3) insulting the Holy Spirit and to rebel against Him, which
communicates the grace of God to our hearts. The just shall live by faith
(Hebrews 10:38). This fundamental principle, stated four times in Scripture (Hc
2.4; Rom 1.7; Gal 3:11; Heb 10:38), governs our relationship with God and our
participation in the salvation provided by Jesus Christ. (1) This fundamental
truth says that the righteous will obtain eternal life by faithfully approach
God with a sincere and believing heart (see 10:22). (2) The one who abandons
Christ and deliberately continue to sin, God 'has no pleasure in him' and incur
the eternal damnation (vv.38,39) "(Pentecostal Bible Study, CPAD, p.
1915).
Essential
elements of faith CAP 11
Faith,
as the Word of God, is the basic condition to be saved and receive God's help
in all aspects. It is the basis - "the substance" - Hope - "of
things hoped for" - and the conviction - "evidence of things not
seen." The writer, drawing on Jewish history, shows several characters
who, by faith, not by their own merits, they could get from God striking
victories. Such characters have seen by far the promises of God, and died
believing in meeting them. God considers these heroes as people "of whom
the world was not worthy", examples of faith to be followed by all of us.
FAITH
CONCEPT: The sacred writer did not intend to simply define the faith, but
rather describe it as a fundamental element of Christian life. The firm
foundation. Ground here means much more than mere human certainty, due to the
logic, or the exercise of futurology. In the Christian view, has the sense of
unshakable certainty, that is, we are convinced that we serve a God omnipotent,
omniscient and omnipresent, who watches over His Word to perform it (cf. Jer
1:12; Is 43.13). It also means absolute certainty about our salvation. See 1
John 3.2. So sure is the first essential element of true faith, that is,
"the faith which is by Him" (Acts 3:16). Of things hoped for.
"Faith is the substance of things hoped for ...". The second
essential element of faith is hope. This is embodied in the strong conviction
that what is expected from God's happen always, regardless of the
circumstances. Abraham believed it would have a child after the divine promise,
the result of his marriage to Sarah, even when human logic says otherwise. The
evidence of things not seen. The "evidence" has the meaning of
"conviction", which is the third element of faith. Here we have a
very important point to consider. There are those who manipulate this text to
justify the mystical practice of what they call mental imagery to obtain what
you want. In between are certain branches of the Positive Confession. This
practice has no support in the Scriptures. In the context of Hebrews chapter
11, "the things not seen" are the things of God, "the good
things" (Heb 9:11), "the better promises" (Hebrews 8.6). This is
because such "things" were promised by God in His Word, and this can
not fail under any circumstances. There are "believers" who, deluded
by his own heart, they assert that may apply this text (v.1) to anything. For
example: "I believe that God will give me a new car, and a beautiful
home." Now this is a desire, but not a promise of God. Can become real or
not. It is something conditional and circumstantial.
EXAMPLES
OF FAITH HIGHLIGHTS
Abel.
Was an example of sacrificial faith. The Bible says in Genesis 4 that God
accepted his sacrifice and not that of his brother, the murderer Cain. But in
Hebrews 11.4 we can see the end of the story: while Abel's offering was moved
by faith in God (see Jude v.11), Cain worked their "way" without
faith.
The
idea that Abel's offering was accepted because it is offering with blood
(pointing to the sacrifice of Christ) although correct, is partial, since the
offering of Cain, even though the plant would also be accepted by be the
product of his work as a farmer (Gen. 4.3; see verse 7). Cain had bad character;
was irate and "their deeds were evil" (1 Jn 3:12), for these reasons
their offers were not accepted by the Lord.
Enoch.
Example pleasant faith. What little the Bible says about this man of God ends
the greatness of his character and his faith: "And Enoch walked with God;
and we saw was not, for God took him "(Gen. 5:24). If he "walked with
God", ie, lived in close communion with the Lord and in the center of his
will in the face of extreme disbelief of his time, was because he had a living
faith, which saw the world better. Therefore, even on earth, before his
translation, "he had this testimony, that he pleased God." Without
faith does not please God (Hebrews 11.6). Noah. Example of obedient faith and
fair. Never heard of flood, however, "when warned about things not seen,
feared" and obeyed, preparing an ark "for the salvation of his
family." Noah was the first man in the Bible to be called fair. This
brings us extremely valuable lesson: the man of faith needs to be righteous
before God and men. Abraham. It is considered the father of proven faith. When
he was called by God even realize where he was going (v.8). He spent years
living in tents, wandering "as in a strange land" (verse 9) and
received the promise that it would be "a great nation" (Gen. 12.2).
The Almighty told him to look at the heavens and count the stars if I could,
saying that this would be his seed, "and he believed in the Lord and was
imputed to him for righteousness." Later God asked him to sacrifice his
only son, Isaac.
Without
reluctance, the great patriarch obeyed truly the voice of the Most High,
believing "that God was able to even the dead resuscitating"
(vv.17,18). The God of Abraham is our God. He is faithful to keep his word (cf.
Jer 1:12).
SEEN
AS FAR PROMISES
These
all died in faith. After highlighting the first four heroes of the faith, the
writer states that they died in faith, "not having received the promises,
but having seen them afar off ...". Like Paul, fought the good fight,
finished the race and kept the faith (2 Tim 4.7). They saw the promises from
afar. It was the faith making them look to the horizon in the distance, without
getting there, but contemplating the promises. Surely they enjoyed salvation in
Christ because they believed in eternal life, at the entrance in heaven, in the
victory over evil and, above all, in the eternal reign of God. Believing the
promises, embraced them and confessed them (v.13). The faith of those men was
so strong and powerful that even without seeing the fulfillment of the promises
of God, believed in them and embraced (cf. v.1). They considered themselves
"strangers and pilgrims on the earth" because they expected a better
country, definitive, in the future, being acclaimed by God, "He has
prepared for them a city" (vv.13-16).
MEN'S
WHAT THE WORLD WAS NOT WORTHY
In
the last part of the text under study, the Word of God movingly of talks about
two types of heroes of faith. They are: Fighters. Scripture gives several
examples of fighters. They "subdued kingdoms, wrought righteousness,
obtained promises, stopped the mouths of lions, undermined the power of fire,
escaped the edge of the sword", all by faith in the Almighty. The
martyred. Were those who, in the struggle for faith, were beaten, stoned,
imprisoned, persecuted, tortured and killed, "not accepting deliverance,
to obtain a better resurrection" (vv.35-37). Church history records other
magnificent examples of faith and courage among the martyrs of Christianity.
Were men "of whom the world was not worthy." The "world"
that is not worthy of men of God is that which is opposed to the good, and that
hinders spiritual inquiry. It was into this world that Jesus pointed when
talking about the inevitability of persecution: "If the world hates you,
know that, first of what you, bother to me" (John 15. 18.). The men of
whom the world was not worthy saw by far the promises, but did not reach,
"God having provided some better thing for us, that they without us should
not be made perfect" (vv.39,40). Today for many, especially children and
adolescents who do not know God, the heroes are human or virtual idols of TV
and cinema. These are but false idols and heroes who mislead their admirers for
evil. However, the Bible inspires faith and perseverance necessary for us to
trust in God's promises. It shows us in its pages the lives of men and women,
children and adolescents, youth and adults who left us extraordinary examples
of true faith in God. "Encouragement flaps victories of faith (ch.11). The
author in this chapter highlights the faith as the great feature and the common
denominator of the true people of God at all times (cf. 10. 38, 39). He
mentions in detail the heroes of faith who lived under the old covenant and
whose examples encourage us to be loyal to God today. Verse 1 is often cited as
a definition of faith, but in reality is more an explanation of the
characteristics of faith. In short, faith is simply trust in God and his word
(cf. Rom 10:17). To paraphrase the verse, we could say: 'Faith means that we
are confident; we are sure (something that serves as a base or support
anything, as a foundation, a foundation, a promise or a contract) or what we
expect to receive, the conviction of the reality of things unseen '. It was
with this attitude of faith that, at that time, the heroes faced the future and
learned things invisible. The elders obtained testimony and God himself also
testified to the faith they had, which overcame all obstacles, and his deeds
recorded in the Bible as men of faith (v.2) .The belief in God as Creator of
all things in the universe is essential to the life of faith, whatever its
manifestation (v.3). 'So, first, the author states that the primary action of
faith, whereby we come to the full assurance that the world - History and ages
- did not result of chance; is a response to expression of the will of God
"(Westcott)" (Bible Commentary - Hebrews, CPAD, pág.158).
"Believe
it exists (Heb 11.6). This verse describes the members convictions of saving
faith. (1) must believe in the existence of a personal God, infinite and holy,
who cares for us. (2) We must believe that He galardoará us when we seek him
sincerely, knowing that our greatest reward is the joy and the presence of God
himself. He is our shield and our great reward (Genesis 15.1; Deuteronomy 4:29;
Mt 7.7,8 note; Jn 14:21 note). (3) We must seek God diligently and eagerly
desired his presence and grace "(Pentecostal Bible Study, CPAD,
pág.1916.).
Perseverance
in faith and holiness CAP 12
The
Hebrew Christians had at their disposal more advantages that allowed the heroes
who preceded them. The author compares along with his brothers in Christ, the
athletes vying for a race, around which is that large queued audience, as in
the stands of a large stadium. The great test of witnesses are precisely the
heroes of the faith, whose deeds are recorded in chapter 11 of the letter under
study. Taking the example of these men of previous generations, the writer
seeks to encourage us to run the good race of faith and win, the strength and
courage, the prize is offered.
The
last two chapters of Hebrews enclose the letter with exhortations and guidance
to believers on how to persevere in faith and doctrine, discipline, love and
holiness. These issues are currently neglected in many places because of the
"virus" of relativism. But the Word of God is like a "hammer
that breaks the rock" (Jeremiah 23:29), and scatter the "winds"
contrary to sound doctrine, strengthening and building they that shall complete
the Christian race.
A
CAREER WITH PATIENCE: A cloud of witnesses (v.1). The writer leads us to other
aspects of the Christian life, emphasizing that we are surrounded by "so
great a cloud of witnesses." Who are these witnesses? From the context we
understand that those are heroes before the Almighty who witness their loyalty.
Here, the witness word, originally martys denotes the experience of ancestors
of faith. On the other hand, we can say that in our Christian race we are being
observed by many witnesses. A visible: men, believers and unbelievers; other,
invisible: angels and demons. (See Psalm 34.7; Heb 1.13,14; 1 Peter 5.8.) Given
this reality we must be very careful about our behavior. Leaving sin and
embarrassment (v.2). We are exhorted to leave "every weight and the sin
which doth so easily beset us." The embarrassment is certainly not sin,
but it can become a hindrance, or a delay in our spiritual life and career, and
then yes, lead us to sin. An embarrassed believer is easily reached by the
Devil. Television, for example, even transmitting of information or cultural
nature programs, can hinder the believer who no longer go to the house of God
to prostrate themselves before her. There are believers who become entangled in
debt, friendships, sports, leisure, etc. Added to this, we must remember that
the Bible commands us to redeem the time (Eph 5.15,16).
Running
with patience. Here the writer takes a picture of borrowed language, probably
the Olympic Games, to compare the Christian life to a marathon. In a race, you
must have patience to reach the finish (cf. Heb 10:36). In the case of faith,
the race is not chosen by the Christian, but proposed by God. The believer
needs to run and get to the victorious end. For this to happen there is only
one secret according to the scriptures: perseverance and patience (Rom 5.3-5).
Looking unto Jesus (v.2).
In
an endurance race, the athlete must look forward, otherwise you may lose the
time and the course. In the Christian life, even more so, the believer can not
lose sight of the target, Jesus. He is the author and finisher of our also the
faith. He gave us the example, supporting the cross, despising the shame, to
sit at the right hand of God, "for the joy that was offered to him."
Church history is full of examples of men and women who courageously despised
the pleasures and glories of the world for Christ.
The
correction with love (vv.3-11). In this first part of the text, the writer
calls the Hebrew believers to perseverance, saying they had not yet resisted
"to the blood in the fight against sin" (v.4). It seems that the
writer had in mind that your recipients could ignore a little of God's Word,
and quotes Proverbs 3.11-12, where the Word of God motivates them not to forget
the Father's exhortation, and not to lose heart when they are reprimanded . In
v.6, the author says that if someone is without discipline is not the son, but
bastard or illegitimate child (vv.7,8). He concludes talking about the
correction value, "because the Lord disciplines those he loves and he
punishes everyone he accepts as a son the" (vv.10,11). This is the
correction with love.
EXHORTATION
TO HOLINESS Raising tired hands (v.12). In the Christian life, there may be
moments of tiredness and spiritual exhaustion. But there is a remedy for this:
Those who are secure by God's grace, rather than further hinder the walk of the
weakest, should help them stand up (cf. Job 4.3; Is 35.3). And God has the
power to renew and restore us (Isaiah 40.29-31). Following the peace and
sanctification. Holiness is the state of one who stands for purity.
Sanctification is the practice. And it is only possible through the Word of God
and through the blood of Christ (John 17:17; 1 John 1.7). Sanctification is the
salvation ongoing process. The erroneous doctrine that "once saved always
saved" is only fallacy to justify the pretentious doctrine of absolute
predestination, according to which some are born "stamped" as
"saved" and others as "lost". Once saved, the Christian
must do their part: separate from the world and devote themselves totally to
the service of God's Kingdom.
We
have a career to go patiently, but it must be free of embarrassment, as they,
despite not being the sin, can lead us to it. We can conclude this career as
holy children of God, our Father and receive the reward reserved for each of
us. "'The race that is set before us." This race is the test in this
world, that lasts a lifetime (10.23,38; 12:25; 13:13).
(1)
The race should be done with 'patience' (gr hupomone.), That is, with patience
and constancy (cf. 10:36; Philippians 3.12-14). The road to victory is the same
as that of the saints in Chapter 11 - struggling to get to the end (cf.
6.11,12; 12.1-4; Luke 21:19; 1 Cor 9.24,25; Philippians 3.11-14, Rev. 3:21 ).
(2) In the race, we must set aside the sins that hinder us or make us fall
behind (v.1) and we fix our eyes, our lives and our hearts in Jesus and the
example he left us on earth of persevering obedience (vv.1-4). (3) In the race,
we must be aware that the greatest danger that confronts us is the temptation
to give in to sin (vv.1,4), to return to that country where had left (11:15;
James 1:12), and become, again, citizens of the world (Mark 11:13; Jas 4.4; 1
John 2:15; see Heb 11:10) "(Pentecostal Bible Study, CPAD, pág.1918).
Like
Christ, there is a proposal career to God's people, a target the be reached, a
way to go. Jesus Christ is the prince, the Leader and the Perfecter of faith.
He who is not embarrassed with the material things of this life, as
contemplated eternity, knowing how to discern the value of things not seen.
This should be our patience. The fight of Christ was to death, and He won.
Encouraged by his example, we can do the same "(Bible Commentary Hebrews,
CPAD, p.167).
Evidence
of the Christian life CAP 13
Certain
virtues are considered essential to the Christian life, such as love,
hospitality, purity, compassion, submission, obedience, etc. The writer of the
Epistle to the Hebrews admonished his readers to observe them. We should seek
diligently these qualities if we are to truly serve God. Surely it was
extremely difficult for those Hebrew believers, who have gone through severe
daily pressure apply these admonitions in their lives. Now if they were to obey
these admonitions, the more of us who know so little of persecution and
opposition.
VIRTUES
RELEVANT CHRISTIAN LIFE
Brotherly
love (v.1). This virtue is so important that is the trademark or distinctive,
the true disciple (John 13.34,35). No brotherly love are useless gifts or
performing good works (1 Cor 13). As our brothers are part of God's family, we
love them unconditionally; despise them is the first step for anyone who
disregards the Christ, our elder brother.
The
hospitality (v.2). The hospitality is true not only to strangers (v.2), but
also to the poor (Luke 14:13), and even to enemies (Rom 12:20). At the time it
was written the Epistle to the Hebrews, many Christians had lost all his
property as a result of persecution that drove them the constituted
authorities. In this respect, hospitality brought encouragement to these
servants of God, and showed that other believers could serve the Lord opened
their homes to serve as shelter. However, this friendly attitude, especially in
our day, should not be confused with the host anyone without knowing it or know
of their true intentions. The value of marriage (v.4). The expression "be
revered" in this text, denotes high degree of respect and consideration
for the marriage. Many despise marriage to live a wild life, dissolute and
uncompromising. The Christian life requires serious commitment not only to God
and the church, but also to society and the family; and the latter begins with
our spouse. Any illicit sexual commitments - prostitution, adultery - are hard
condemned by God, and those who practice such things will get him the righteous
judgment. God wants His children to have unblemished sexual life, not just for
the witness, but also because we are the temple of his Spirit. The value of
beneficence (vv.3,6). The writer did not forget the importance of Christian
charity. He urged those believers who remember those who were arrested and
mistreated as if they were in their place. A believer pursued would be easily
remembered by his brothers, but those who remained trapped for a long time
could be forgotten. There are many people who are persecuted and imprisoned
because of their faith in Christ, as there are also those who were convicted
for having transgressed the law of men. But both one and the other can not be
ignored by the Lord's church.
FAITH
EXPRESSIONS: SUBMISSION AND OBEDIENCE
Submission
to leadership (vv.7,17). The writer warns his readers about the proper way to
treat those who shepherd the flock of the Lord:
a)
Remembering them and imitate their faith (13.7). It is the duty of the church
members remember to their pastors in their daily prayers and not just at
special times such as the date reserved for the celebration of the "day of
the pastor." Pastors are models that need to be imitated, as men of faith
serve as an example and drive men to have faith. b) Paying attention to your
way of living (13.7). The life of a pastor will always be observed: integrity,
compassion, love for God and his work will be an example especially for new
workers. Hence the great responsibility of the pastor. c) Following them (13:17
a). The memory and attention given to the shepherds will be useless if not
accompanied by obedience to them. They are responsible for bringing messages,
pray for us, administer the church, counseling, visiting, have the family as an
example and give account of the flock entrusted to him. Is that with so many
responsibilities, they do not deserve obedience of his sheep?
"The
obedience and fidelity to Christian leaders, pastors and teachers, must be
based on a higher loyalty to God" (Bible of Pentecostal Study, CPAD) .Today
days, many workers are disrespected. And this is Satan's strategy to weaken the
church leadership. May we have in high esteem those whom God has chosen to
watch over us. Obedience to Christ. "... Jesus, that great shepherd of the
sheep, equip you in every good work to do His will ..." (vv.20,21).
(Emphasis added.) This means that the one who saved us continues to do his work
in us, making us sensitive to his will so that whatever we do is pleasing to
your eyes. Obedience to the Lord Jesus must have first place in the Christian
life. Obedience to the Word (v.22). The writer urges us to "bear this
word." "Bear with me," he asks, "and share the Word with
you. Accept it with patience and digest it, because the letter is not very long
"When God speaks, as it did through this epistle, we must listen and apply
what we hear. "The love between the brothers can be compared to 'stick'
that held the gold covered boards of the old Tabernacle, serving to give unity
to the grounds in manifesting the divine presence. The Christian's love for his
neighbor is universal. That love continues forever among us (v.1). At that time
there was a particular need for hospitality, due to lack of hotels. Hospitality
is not necessarily a Christian virtue, but anyway, the Christian society should
provide it (v.2) .From practical way, Christians should seek help those who
need it, whether such necessity result of persecution or resulting from
circumstances adverse life (v.3). The warnings about the sanctity of marriage
were especially timely due to the ease of divorce among the Jews, as sanctioned
by the school's masters of the great Rabbi Hillel (Westcott). God will judge
and condemn violations of wedlock or of singles living in fornication or of
married who practice adultery, regardless of what the tolerant view of society
at the time. How necessary this same exhortation to the present day (v.4).
This
section begins with a reference to the leaders of the church (verse 7) and so
ends (v.17). The first time, the author commanded the believers acknowledge
with gratitude their fathers in the faith, the founders of the church, which
possibly had already died, trying to follow their example. Now he tells obey
those who are currently at the helm, their pastors. These men were not
unscrupulous adventurers, but men of God, conscious of their pastoral
responsibility before God and the church. So, not to cause them grief, behaving
like sheep going astray, as this would not be beneficial to them "(Bible
Commentary - Hebrews, CPAD, págs.170-174).
Noble
readers (as) it is important to watch what the letter to the Hebrews! See how
much information I could, just to the letter, the book of Hebrews. Thus, the
letter of James was to another chapter: how good I am not the owner of the
truth and that there are many capacitadíssimas people, and with an open mind to
s things of God. My thanks to all of you, I hope to be getting to them a
opportunity to meet and learn more about the Holy Bible.
The
Holy Bible, at first was my idea, but I saw that it needed more information on
each book; for it also decides to seek theological commentaries. I know more
about the Bible and theology not, for I am not formed, and I am not a pastor,
but a person who reads a lot and research too.
I
graduated in hospital chaplaincy in the years 2012 and 2014 by the Baptist
Church and UFMs
Campo
Grande April 23, 2015 jcr0856@hotmail.com
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Olá meus nobres leitores (as ) muito obrigado pela confiança e pelos mais de 44 mil acessos. Isto me torna com mais responsabilidades, e me obriga a fazer pesquisa cada vez mais seria, pois não posso baixar a qualidade, o nível da pesquisa. Estou muito feliz com todos vocês, e quero dizer que, meus temas são longos, para que todos venham ter um melhor aprendizado, e melhorem seus conhecimentos, pois nas igreja não terão tantas informações assim. se quiseram que eu desenvolva algum tema relacionado com a palavra de Deus, mandem algum recado que tentarei desenvolver. Fiquem com Deus todos vocês
em nome de Jesus.